15. DlSCOGNAinUS. 69 



1. Discognathus lamta. 



Cypriiius lamta, Ham. Buck. Fish. (unit/, pp. 3-13, 393. 



g'otylii, Oral/ <^- Ilardic. III. Ind. Zuol. tig. 



Gonorhyuclius rupiculus, M^C'lell. Ind. Cypr. pp. 281, 373, tab. 43. 



figs. 4-5. 

 bimaculatus, M'Clell. I. c. pp. 281, 373, tab. 43. fig. 2 (cop. from 



Hamilton s MS. dratcings). 



brachypterus, M'Clell. I. c. pp. 283,374. 



caudatus, itf ' Ckll. I. c. p. 375. 



Discognathus rufus, Heckel in Russeyger'' s Reisen, i. p. 1071, taf. 8. 



fig. 2. 



■ obtusus, Heckel, I. c. p. 1072, taf. 8. fig. 3. 



crenulatus, Heckel, I. c. ii. 3. p. 262. 



fusifomiis, Heckel, in Hiigers Reisen, iv. p. 387 (with bad 



figure). 

 Garra nialabarica, Day, Rroc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 297 ; or Fish. Mala- 

 bar, p. 20-5, pi. 15. tig. 1 (bad). 

 Gonorhynchus gotyla, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit. ^- So. xv. 1849, 



p. 309. 



? m'clellandii, Jerdon, I. c. p. 310. 



Gan-a ceylonensis, lileek. Man. Soc. Holland. Harlem, 1864, Cohit. 



(^- Cyprin. Ceylon, p. 8, tab. 1. fig. 4. (Coloration taken from a 



specimen preserved in spirits !) 

 gotyla et lamta, Steindachtier, Sitzgsbcr. Ak. Wiss. Wien, Ivi. 



p. , tab. 2. 



gotyla et jerdoui, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 288. 



alta, Day, I. c. p. 349. 



D. 11. A. 7. L. lat. 33-36. L. trawsv. U/o. 



The pectoral fin is as long as, or shorter than, the head, and ter- 

 minates at some diytauce from the root of the ventral. Two and a 

 half or three longitudinal series of scales between the lateral line and 

 the root of the ventral fin. A black spot behind the upper end 

 of the gill-opening, sometimes a dai'k band along the midtUe of the 

 side, terminating in a spot on the root of the caudal fin. 



Rivers and rivulets of South-western Asia and Continental India. 



This species extends from Syria to Assam, and, as may be expected 

 in a species of so wide a range, it is subject to some variation. How- 

 ever, the amount of variation which may be observed in examples 

 from extreme limits Ls considerably less than that found in examples 

 from the same locality and of evidently the same species. Also the 

 differences of form between old and young examples are considerable. 

 The parts most subject to variation are the snout with regard to 

 form, width, and prominence, the width of the cleft of the mouth 

 and labial disk, the barbels, the fringes of the upper lip, the eye, the 

 length or depth of the free portion of the tail. Also the coloration 

 varies, some specimens being uniform, others spotted, others provided 

 with several streaks, others with a median band. A black spot be- 

 hind the upper part of the gill-opening is most constant. 



Having fortunately numerous examples from tlie most distant 

 localities, I have convinced myself that they ought to be referred to 

 a single species only. 



a. Adult. Assam? From Griffith's Collection. 



