186 CYPHINIDJE. 



sixths. The diameter of the eye is a little less than one-third of the 

 length of the head. The tail is rather elongate. Origm of the dorsal 

 fin somewhat nearer to the end of the snout than to the root of the 

 caudal, and ojiposite to the origia of the ventral. A narrow brown 

 vertebral line from the nape to the tail ; sides with a lateral band 

 of brown punctidations, (Cope.) 

 United States. 



40. PSEUDORASBORA. 



Pseudorasbora, Sleeker, Act. Soc. 8c. Indu-Neerl. viii. Japan, vi. p. 97 ; 

 or Cypr. Prodr. p. 435. 



Scales rather large, lateral line running along the middle of the 

 tail. Mouth very small, transverse, directed upwards ; mandible 

 with a hard trenchant edge, and a subcontinuous transverse labial 

 fold ; barbels none. Dorsal fin short, without pungent spine, opposite 

 to the ventral ; anal short ; caudal forked. GiU-openings narrow, the 

 attachment of the gill-membranes to the isthmus takes place opposite 

 to the middle of the operculum ; pseudobranchiaj ; gill-rakers none. 

 Pharyngeal teeth compressed, 5 — 5. Intestinal tract short. 



Japan. 



1. Pseudorasbora parva, 



Leuciscus parvus, Schley. Faun. Japan. Poiss. p. 215, pi. 102. fig. 3. 



pusillus, Scldeff. I. c. p. 216. tig. 4. 



Pseudorasbora pusiUa, Bleek. Act. Soc. Sc. Indo-Neerl. viii. Japan, 

 vi. p. 98. 



parva, Kner, Novara, Fische, p. 355. 



Opsarus parvus, Kner, I. c. tab. 16. fig. 3. 



D. 10. A. 8. V. 8. L. lat. 36. L. transv. 5|/5. 

 The height of the body is equal to the length of the head, which 

 is about one-fourth of the total (without caudal). Snout as long as 

 the eye, the diameter of which is two-sevenths of the length of the 

 head. The origin of the dorsal fin is opposite to that of the ventrals, 

 and scarcely nearer to the end of the snout than to the root of the 

 caudal fin. Pectoral fin terminating at some distance from the ven- 

 trals. There are three longitudinal series of scales between the 

 lateral line and ventral fin. Coloration uniform. 

 Japan ; China. 



a. Three inches long. Japan. From Dr. Bleeker's Collection. 



h. Two and a half inches long. Chikiang. Purchased of Mr. 



Fortune. — Fine specimen, each scale with a deep-black margin. 

 c. Adult, 3| inches long. Purchased of Mr. Frank. — Snout with 



large, conical, pointed, hard tubercles. 



41. COCHLOGNATHUS. 



CochlorQathus, Bnird 8f Girard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1854, 

 p. 1.58, and 1856, p. 181. 



This genus is described thus : — 



Jaws with spoon-shaped bony expansions. There is one on each 



