56. LEUciscus. 219 



The diameter of the eye is two-ninths of the length of the head, 

 two-tliirds of that of the snout, and rather more than one-half of 

 the width of the interorbital space. Cleft of the mouth oblique, not 

 reaching to the vertical from the front margin of the orbit ; lower 

 jaw overlapped by the upper. Origin of the dorsal fin opposite to 

 tlie root of the ventrals, and considerably nearer to the base of the 

 caudal than to the end of the snout. Pectoral fin terminating at 

 some distance from the ventral. Scales with numerous striae. 

 Tlicrc are three longitudinal series of scales between the lateral line 

 and ventral fin. Body irregularly mottled with brown. 



Montenegro. 

 a-c. Adult and half-grown. River Rieka. From the MUan Museum. 



lu. Leuciscus friesii. 



Fraiienfisch, or Perlfisch. 



Cyprinus grislagine, Meidiityer, tab. 40 ; Agassiz, in Isis, 1828, 



p. 1047. 

 Leuciscus idus, Perty, in Isis, 1832, p. 719. 



grislagine, Perty, I. c. ; Cuv. S;- Val. xvii. p. 221. 



ti'isii, Nordm. in Demid. Voy. Russ. Merid. iii. p. 487 (1840) ; 



HecM, Sifzff.sber. Ah. Wiss. Wien, 1852, ix. p. 94, taf. 10. 

 meidin;^'ori, Ileckcl, Sitzij.^hcr. Ak. Wiss. Wieti, 1852, ix. p. 88, 



taf. 14 ; Ileckcl ^- Kncr, '':>ilsswnsserf. p. 178. figs. 97 & 98 ; Siehold, 



Siissicasserf. p. 196. 



D. 11-12. A. 12-14. V. 10-11. L. lat. 61-67. L. transv. 11/8. 

 Vert. 26/17. 



The height of the body is one-fourth or two-ninths of the total 

 length (without caudal), the length of the head two-ninths. Mouth 

 inferior, the upper jaw more or less conspicuously projecting beyond 

 the lower. There are five longitudinal series of scales between the 

 lateral line and ventral fin. Coloration uniform. 



Pharyngeal teeth 6 — 5, club-shaped. 



A lake-fish from Bavaria ; European Turkey ; Odessa. 



«, h. Adult male (^vith tubercles) and female. Chicm-See, Bavaria. 



Presented by Professor v. Siebold. 

 c~d. Adult (20 inches). Lake of Derkos (Constantinople). From 



Mr. Millingcn's Collection. 

 e. Adult skeleton. Lake of Derkos (Constantinople). From Mr. 



Millingen's Collection. 



11. Leuciscus lemmingii. 



Leuciscus lemmingii, Stcindachner, Sifzi/sher. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 1806, 

 liv. p. 265, taf. 1. fig. 2. 



D. 10. A. 10. L. lat. 59-63. L. transv. i^\ 



The height of the body is more than the length of the head, which 

 is one-fifth of the total (without caudal). Mouth small, inferior, 

 subsemicirciilar. There arc six longitudinal series of scales between 



