56. LKi'ciscrs. 257 



one-fourth of the total (without caudal). The diameter of the eye 

 is rather les.s than one-third of the length of the head, and equal 

 to that of the snout, which is rather pointed. Cleft of the mouth 

 oblique, with the lower jaw slightly prominent, the maxillary ex- 

 tending beyond the front margin of the orbit. Origin of the dorsal 

 tin nearly midway between the root of the caudal and the end of 

 the snout, and behind the ventrcd Jin. Pectoral extending to the 

 root of the venti'al. There arc four longitudinal series of scales 

 between the lateral line and ventral fin. 



Pharyngeal teeth 5 . 2 — 2 . 4. 



Males ^vith tubercles on the scales {Cope). 



United States. 



75. Leuciscus aflBnis. 



Clinostomus affinis, Girard, Proc. Ac. Kaf. Sc. Philad. 18 jO, p. '2\'2. 



Scarcely distinct from L. fiinduloides. 



D. 10. A. 9. L. lat. 46. L. transv. 9/7. 



The height of the body is nearly equal to the length of the head, 

 which is contained thrice and two-thirds in the total (without cau- 

 dal). The diameter of the eye is nearly one-fourth of the length of 

 the head, and a little less than that of the snout, which is rather 

 pointed. Cleft of the mouth oblique, with the lower jaw not pro- 

 minent, the maxillary extending to below the front margin of the 

 orbit. Origin of the dorsal fin rather nearer to the root of the caiidal 

 than to the end of the snout. Pectoral extending to the root of the 

 ventral. There are four longitxidinal series of scales between the 

 lateral line and ventral fin. 



Virginia. 



a-c. Head of James River. From Mr. Cope's Collection. 



Girard (Proc. Ac, Nat. Sc. Philad. 1856, p. 212) distinguishes 

 another species belonging to the group which he has named CU- 

 nostoini^ and distinguished by its prominent lower jaw, backward 

 position of dorsal fin, and double series of pharj-ngcal teeth — Cli- 

 nostomus carolinus. The head is larger than in C. affinis, and the 

 body more elongated, compared with the depth. The eye is a great 

 deal larger, and the scales smaller. Blackish brown above, with 

 scattered black spots; reddish beneath ; flanks golden. — From Salem, 

 North Carolina. 



76. Leuciscus ardens. 

 Ilypsilepis ardens, Cope, MS. 



D. 10. A. 12-13. y. 8. L. lat. 48. L. transv. 7/5. 

 The height of the body is one-fifth of the total length (without 

 caudal), the length of the head rather less than one-fourth. Eye 

 large, its diameter being two-sevenths of the length of the head, 

 equal to that of the snout, and rather less than the width of the in- 

 terorbital space, which is flat. Snout pointed, the low(>r jaw not 

 projecting beyond tlie upper when tlie mouth is closed : clett of the 



VOL. VII. s 



