381 



Fam. 21. CLUPEID.E. 



Clupeidns part., Cuv. Regno A)iim. ; Miiller, Ahhrntdl. Ah. Wiss. Bvrl. 



184C), p. lit'. 

 Clupeoidei, Midler, Arch. Katurcjesch. 1843, p. 324. 



Body covered ^vith scales; head naked; barbels 

 none. Abdomen frequently compressed into a ser- 

 rated edge. Margin of the upper jaw formed by the 

 intermaxillaries mesially, and by the maxillaries 

 laterally; maxillaries composed of three, sometimes 

 moveable pieces. Opercular apparatus complete. 

 Adipose fin none. Dorsal not elongate; anal some- 

 times very long. Stomach with a blind sac ; pyloric 

 appendages numerous. Gill-apparatus much deve- 

 loped, the gill-openings being generally very wide. 

 Pseudobranchiaj large, except in MegalojJS. Air- 

 bladder more or less simple. 



Inhabitants of all seas, many species entering fresh -waters. 



Synopsis of the Groups and Genera. 



I. Mouth very wide, lateral; intermaxillaiy very small, firmly 



united to the maxillary, which is elongate and scarcely 

 protractile ; upper jaw projecting : Engeaulixa. 



No pectoral filaments ; gill-ineinbnincs broadly united. 



1. Cbtexgraulis, p. 383. 



No pectoral filaments ; union of the gill-membranes very short. 



2. Engraulis, p. 384. 

 Filaments above the pectorals 3. Coilia, p. 402. 



II. Mouth transverse, inferior or subinferior, narrow, without 



teeth ; upper jaw overlapping the lower ; abdomen ser- 

 rated : CUAXOKSSINA. 

 Branchial arches with a double bend 4. CnAToi"ssrs, p. 406. 



III. Upper jaw not overlapping the lower; abdomen serrated: 



ClUI'EINA. 



A. Anal fin with less than 30 rays ; dorsal opposite to 

 ventrals. 



Teeth none, or quite rudimentary ; abdominal .serrature commencing from the 

 thorax or pectorals 5. Clvpea, p. 411'. 



