5. CLTTPEA. 439 



of tlio total length (without caudal), the length of the head one- 

 fourth. Lower jaw shghtly projecting beyond the upper; maxil- 

 lary not reaching to the vertical from the hind margin of the orbit. 

 No teeth on the palate, tongue without, or with veiy small, de- 

 ciduous teeth. Operculum coarsely and irregularly striated. Gill- 

 rakers fine and long ; the horizontal branch of the outer branchial 

 arch is but slightly bent, and bears about 42 gill-rakers. Ventral 

 lins opposite to the anterior half of the dorsal, the origin of which 

 is nearer to the end of the snout than to the root of the caudal. 

 Basal half of the caudal fin covered with smaU scales. There are 

 fourteen abdominal scutes behind the base of the ventral fins. A 

 blackish blotch in the scapulary region. A series of punctulated 

 dots along each dorsal series of scales. 



Atlantic coasts of North America. 

 a-h. Adult. Halifax, N. Sc. Presented by J. Mathew Jones, 

 Esq., F.L.8. 



c. Adult ; has been in chloride of zinc. Boston. Presented by B. 



Wiustone, Esq. 



d. Young : skin, not in good state. New York. Purchased of Mr. 



Parnell. 

 Unfortunately, not having specimens, we are unable to decide 

 whether Meletta venosa of Valenciennes is really a species distinct 

 from CI. mattoiuocca ; it would appear to difter in having the oper- 

 culum entirely smooth; its synonymy appears to be as follows: — 



Meletta venosa, Cuv. i!j- T «/. xx. p. 374. 



Alosa cyanonoton, Storer, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. ii. p. 242 ; and 

 ^letn.Am. Acad. y\. p. 339, pi. 27. fig. 1. 



tvrannus, Storey, Mem. Anier. Acad. vi. p. 334, pi. 26. fig. 3. 



Alausella parvula, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1861, p. 36. 

 Pomolobus pseudo-hai'engus, " Grill e.v Wilson." 



39. Clupea pilchardus. 

 The Pilchard. Der Pilchard. La Sardine or le Celeren or le 



C61an. 

 Sardina, Bellon. p. 161 ; Rondel, pp. 217, 218 ; Gesner, p, 822 ; Cor- 



?iide, Peres d. Galic. p. 91. 

 Harengus minor s. Pilchardus, Willughbij, Hist. Pise. p. 223, tab. P. 1. 



fig. 1. 

 Pilchard, Pcnn. Brit. Zool. iii. p. 300, pi. 68, or, edit. 1812, iii. p. 453 ; 



Couch, Fish. Brit. Isl. iv. p. 79, pi. 201. 

 Clupea sprattus, Briinnich, Pise. Mnssil. p. 82 ; Bisso, Ichth. Nice, 



p. 3-52. 

 Clupea pilchardus, Walh. Arted. iii. p. 38 ; Bl. Ami. Fische, ix. p. 40, 



pi. 406 ; Bl. Srhn. p. 4^j2 ; Ctiv. Bet/ne Anim. ; Donov. Brit. Fish. iii. 



pi. 69; Tiirtoii, Brit. Faun. p. 106; Flemiinj, Brit. An.y>. 183; 



Jempts, Manual, p. 437; Yurrell,Brit. Fi^h. 2udedit. ii. p. 169, or 



3nl' edit. i. p. 137; Parnell, Werner. Mem. \\i. p. 320; <ir iW/. 



Firth ofF»ih,\\ 160. 

 Sardine, Duhamcl, Peehes, ii. pi. 16. fig. 4. 



Clupea sardina, Cur. Bk/ne Anim. ; Lowe, Trans. Zool. Soc. ii. p. 189. 

 Clupanodon aai'diua, Bi^so, Eur, Merid. p. 451. 



