5. cLui'icA. 441 



ably nearer to the end of the snout than to the root of the caudal. 

 There are fourteen or fifteen abdominal scutes behind the base of the 

 ventral fins. Length of the pectoral fin two-thirds of the distance 

 of its root from the ventral fin. Scales fiiiclj^ striated, M'ith the 

 margin more or less regularly rounded, sometimes lacerated. A 

 dark line along the four upper scries of scales. Scajjida with a veiy 

 obsolete dark spot ; extremities of the caudal lobes blackish. A 

 blackish spot at the base of the anterior dorsal rays. 



Mediterranean ; Madeira ; Cape de Ycrdo Islands ; Azores ; AVest 

 coast of Africa. 



a-c. Half-gTown. Mediterranean. Prom Mr. Petherick's Collection. 



d-c. Types of the species. Madeira. From the Collection of the 

 Zoological Society. 



/. Very fine specimen. Madeira. Presented by J. Y. Johnson, Esq. 



g. Adult. Lanzarote. Presented by the Eev. E. T. Lowe. 



h-i, Jc-m. Adult and half-gTOwn. Cape de Yerde Islands. Pre- 

 sented by the Eev. E. T. Lowe. 



n, 0. Adult. Niger Expedition. 



Perhaps only a variety of C'L senefjcdcnsls. 



41. Clupea senegalensis. 



Alosa senegalensis, Benn. Proc. Comvi. Zool. Soc. i. 1831, p. 117. 

 Meletta senegalensis, Ciiv. ^- Val. xx. p. 370. 



B. 6. D. 18. A. 21. Y. 8. L. lat. 54. L. transv. 14. 



The ]iei(/ht of the body is one-third of the toted (u'iihont cai'd(d),the 

 length of the head one-fourth. Lo^^■er jaw but slightly prominent ; 

 the maxillary extending somewhat beyond the vertical from the front 

 margin of the eye. No teeth on the palate ; tongue with a very 

 narrow strip of minute teeth. Operculum smooth. Gill-rakers 

 very fine and long, rather shorter than the eye, closely set. Gill- 

 cavity black. Yentral fin inserted below, or nearly below, the middle 

 of the base of the dorsal. Origin of the dorsal fin considerably 

 nearer to the end of the snolit than to the root of the caudal. There 

 are fourteen abdominal scutes behind the base of the ventral fins. 

 Length of the pectoral fin three-fourths of the distance of its root 

 from the ventral fin. Scales finely striated, Avith the margin ciliated 

 and lacerated. Scapula -with a very obsolete dark spot. A black 

 spot at the base of the anterior dorsal rays. Inner side of pectoral 

 and lobes of caudal blackish. 



West coast of Africa. 

 a-h. Ten inches long. Camaroons. Presented by Dr. J. A. Smith. 



42. Clupea apicalis. 

 Alosa apicalis, Miill. <$■ Trosch. in Schoinhuryl;, Hist. Barhad p. G7o. 

 D. 18. A. 17. 

 The lower jaw surpasses the upper in length, the maxillaiy reaches 

 to the first third of the eye ; and the diameter of that organ is larger 



