41. DisTicnoDus. 359 



/3. The dorsal fin commences above the anal : Cynodon, Spix. 



2. Cynodon vulpinus. 



Cynodon vulpinus, Spiv, Pise. Bras. tab. 26 ; Cuv. I*f Val. xxii. p. 329 ; 



Kner, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, 1860, xviii. p. 55; Casteln. Anim. 



Amir. Sud, Poiss. pi. 39. fig. 1. 

 Raphiodon vulpinus, Agass. in Spix, Pise. Pros. p. 76. 

 Hvdropardus , Reinh. Vidensk. Meddel. Naturh. Foren. Kjobenh, 



1849, p. 



B. 5. D. 12. A. 48. P. 17. V. 8. 



The height of the body is one-fifth of the total length, with or 

 without the caudal. Dorsal fin commencing behind the origin of the 

 anal ; ventrals very small*. Uniform silvery. 



Brazil. 



3. Cynodon gibbus. 



Cynodon gibbus. Spiv, Pise. Bras. tab. 27 ; Cuv. 8f Val. xxii. p. 333 ; 



Kner, I)enkschr. Acad. TFiss. Wien, 1860, xviii. p. 54. 

 Raphiodon gibbus, Agass. in S^iv, Pise. Bras. p. 77. 



B. 5. D. 12. A. 82. P. 17. V. 8. 



The greatest depth of the body is one-fourth of the total length 

 (with the caudal) ; the profile above the eyes is concave. The dorsal 

 and anal fins commence nearly in the same vertical ; ventrals small. 

 A round black spot behind the gill-opening. 



Brazil. 



Seventh Group. DISTICHODONTINA. 



Characinidae with an adipose fin and with the dorsal rather 

 elongate, with the gill-membranes attached to the isthmus, and 

 with the belly rounded. 



Tropical Africa. 



41. DISTICHODUS. 



Distichodus, Miill. ^- Troseh. Ilor. Ichth. i. p. 12. 



Dorsal fin rather long, placed in the middle of the length of the 

 body, above the ventrals ; anal of moderate length ; caudal and adi- 

 pose fins covered -with small scales. Body oblong, covered with 

 small scales. Belly rounded. Cleft of the mouth transverse, small ; 

 intermaxillary and mandible with a series of fiattish bicuspid in- 

 cisors ; there is generally another series of smaller similar teeth 

 behind the front series ; palate toothless. Nostrils close together, 

 with a valve between them, overlapping the posterior. Gill-openings 

 of moderate width, the gUl-membranes being attaclicd to the isthmus, 

 having a free hinder edge along nearly their entire extent. 



Tropical Africa. 



* One or two are accidentally entirely absent. 



