80 SALMONIDiE. 



nor is it found among iiidi\'iduals of Aljiino Lako-Trout from the 

 same locality*. As regards the sterility of these fishes, Siobold has 

 evidently gone too far in regarding really distinctive characters as 

 peculiarities dependent on the condition of the sexual organs. We 

 shall see subsequently that females of a species declared by Siebold 

 to be merely a sterile form, are sexually fuUy developed (p. 84) ; 

 and on the other hand that a female of a species regarded by him as 

 the sexually developed form, is sterile (p. 82) ; besides, Widegren 

 has shown that sterility is not always permanent, but generally a 

 temporary immaturity. According to the present state of our know- 

 ledge, we believe the following species may be considered to be well 

 established : — 



1. S. carpio from the Lake of Garda. Vomerine teeth in a single 

 series, aU pointing backwards. Caec. pyl. 40-50. 



2. S. lemnnus from the Lake of Geneva. Head and body covered 

 with veiy small spots. Vert. (57) 58-59. Coec. pyl. 45-52. 



3. S. rappil from the Lake of Constance. Body stout ; caudal 

 truncate. Vert. 59-60. Ca3c. pyl. 48-54. 



4. >S'. lacustris from the lake of Constance and other lakes of Upper 

 Austria. Body slender ; caudal more or less emarginate. Vert. 

 60-61. CsEc. pyl. 60-74. 



5. S. marsilii from the lakes of Upper Austria. Body stout ; max- 

 illary narrow. Vert.? Caec. pyl. 90-100. 



9. Salmo carpio. 



The Trout of the Lake of Garda. Carpione. 



Carpione, Sa/vian. fol. 99. pi. 25 (fig. bona). 



Carpio, Bellun. p. 270 ; Rondel, ii. p. 158 (fig. mala) ; Gemcr, p. 184 ; 

 Aldrov. p. 655 (fig. copied on p. 653 as Trutta Benaci lacus) j Wil- 

 lughby, p. 197. 



Salmo, Artedi, Synon. p. 24. no. 4 ; and Gen. p. 13. no. 7. 



Salmo carpio, L. Syst. Nat. i. p. 510 (part.). 



? Salmo punctatus, Cuv. Hegne Anini. 



Fario carpio, Heckel, in Sitzgsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1852, viii. p. 361. 

 taf. 10. figs. 9, 10 (vomerine teeth) ; Kner, ibid. p. 215 (pylor. ap- 

 pend.). 



D. 13. A. 12. L. lat. 123. Cffic. pyl. between 40 & 50. 

 Snout of moderate length ; in specimens fourteen inches long the 

 maxillary extends to the vertical from the hind margin of the orbit. 

 The vomerine teeth (about sixteen in number) form a single sei'ies, 

 and are not alternately bent towards the right and left, but the points 

 of aU form a straight line, all being equally curved backwards. Cau- 



* Heckel and Kner refer the Trout from the Lake of Constance, described by 

 Rapp as S. trutta, to their Fario ■marsiglii from the Upper Austrian lakes, and 

 express their surprise that Rapp counted forty-eight pyloric appendages only, 

 whilst they always found more than eighty. In a foot-note (p. 270) they even 

 insinuate that Rapp took his statement from specimens of the S. Icmanns. 

 Against this I may observe that I myself witnessed Rapp's examinations of these 

 fishes and that the pyloric appendages were most carefully and repeatedly counted 

 in several specimens obtained directly from the Lake of Constance ; moreover 

 each of the thrc*e examples in the British Museum has exactly fifty-four ciBca. 



