1. SALMO. 103 



The greatest depth of the body is below the origin of the dorsal 

 fin, and is two-uinths of the total length (without caudal), being 

 about equal to the length of the head. The snout is moderately- 

 produced, conical, and rather less than one-fom-th the length of the 

 head, or more than half that of the maxillary bone. The lower jaw 

 is without a trace of a hook, and the mouth closes perfectly. The 

 maxillary bone is longer than the snout by almost the entire dia- 

 meter of the eye ; it extends slightly beyond the posterior margin of 

 the orbit, and its greatest width is equal to one-half of the diameter 

 of the eye. 



The teeth of the intermaxillary and mandible are larger than those 

 of the maxiUary and palatine bones. Of the vomerine teeth, there 

 remain but two on the posterior ridge of the head of that bone, the 

 rest being ari-anged in a partially zigzag, partially single series. 



The interorbital space is slightly convex, its width being equal to 

 three-fifths of the length of the postorbital part of the head, or four- 

 fifths of that of the maxillary bone. The prseoperculum has the hinder 

 margin slightly undulated, the angle rounded, and the inferior limb 

 oblique but distinct. The angle of the operculum is an obtuse one, 

 and its distance from the upper end of the gill-opening exceeds that 

 from the lower anterior end of the suboperculum. Suboperculum 

 narrow, thrice as long as broad. 



The distance of the origin of the dorsal fin from the occiput, if 

 measured back from behind that fin, reaches to one-foiu'th of that 

 between the adipose and the root of the caudal. The dorsal fin is 

 higher than long, and consists of thirteen rays, of which the first 

 three are rudimentary and covered by the skin, the fourth simple, 

 the fifth the first branched ray, and the last ray cleft to its base. 



The anal fin is much higher than long, and consists of twelve rays, 

 the first three of which are rudimentarj', the fourth being simple, 

 and the last ray cleft to its base. 



The pectoral fin is longer than the postorbital portion of the head, 

 reaching almost midway towards the root of the ventral. The latter 

 fin is a little shorter than the pectoral, and reaches rather more than 

 halfway in the direction of the anal fin, its outermost ray being 

 vertically opposite the ninth of the dorsal fin. Posterior margin of 

 the caudal emarginate. 



There are 117 transverse series of scales, counted immediately 

 above the lateral line ; the series descending obliquely backwards 

 from the origin of the dorsal fin has twenty-seven scales, that from 

 behind the adipose forwards to the lateral line has fifteen. There 

 are twenty-two longitudinal series between the lateral line and the 

 ventral fin. Scales rounded ; in dried specimens a slight median ridge 

 becomes distinct on each scale. 



Bright silvery, ^vith a reddish or greenish hue on the back ; sides 

 with numerous large broad X-shaped black spots ; operculum with 

 several round black spots. Dorsal fin spotted, the other fins imma- 

 culate, of uiiiform coloration. 



