104 SALMOKIDiE. 



IX. Scandinavian Peninsula and Finland. 



"We may infer, from the geographical situation and the climate of 

 the Scandinavian peninsula with its innumerable rivers and lakes, 

 that it is inhabited hj a still greater number of species than Great 

 Britain ; and indeed the limited number of examples which we 

 have received from those countries give suihcient evidence that this is 

 really the case. However, our knowledge of them is very scanty, 

 tho Scandinavian authors not having gone into those details of ex- 

 amination which are necessary for the distinction and determination 

 of the species. 



NiLssoN describes the following species : — 



1. SaJmo salar. 



2. Salmo eriox : this description is taken from old examples either 

 of one of the species confounded under the name of S. ocla, or of 

 S. trutta. 



3. Salmo ocla is evidently a compound of several species : migra- 

 tory Trout ascending from the sea are identified with Lake-Trout, 

 of which the Wenerns lax (S. venernensis) is one. As the characters 

 are very indefinite, we cannot decide whether the name of S. ocla 

 should be preserved to one of the species described by us, and we 

 must leave it to Scandinavian naturalists to fix this name to that 

 species of which " Okla " may be a vernacnlar term. 



4. Salmo lac^(Stris is perhaps our /S. Jmrdinii. 



5. Salmo trutta may be identical with our S. trutta. 



6. Salmo ferox, perhaps identical with the British S. ferox, but 

 neither the form of the pra3operculum nor the number of pyloric 

 appendages are noticed. 



7. Salmo fario. 



For completeness' sake we must mention that H. "Widegeen, in a 

 paper published in ' Ofvers. Vetensk. Akad. Forhandl.' 1863, has 

 attempted to show that the River-Trout, Lacustrine Trout {S. lacus- 

 tris, S. ferox, S, microps, &c.), and the Sea- or Salmon-Trout, are 

 all one and the same species, which assumes a different appearance 

 according to the locality inhabited by the several individuals. He 

 names this species Salmo trutta ; so that Scandinavia and the re- 

 mainder of Europe would be, in fact, inhabited by two species only, 

 viz. this S. trutta and S. salar. 



In this he is partly opposed by Malmgeen in his " Kritisk Ofversigt 

 af Finlands Fisk-Fauna," Helsingfors, 1863, translated into German 

 in ' Wiegm. Arch.' 1864, p. 259, of which paper we have given a 

 critical review in the ' Record of Zoolog. Literat.' 1864, p. 178. This 

 author adopts Widegren's view as to the existence of only two species 

 in Scandinavia, but he considers it improper to refer the various 

 "varieties" to one species without taking due notice of them. In 

 fact, what has been called a species is represented as a variety by 

 this author, who, at the same time, does not hesitate to use binomial 

 nomenclature for these "varieties." He has not given any service- 

 able description by which the knowledge of the fishes of that country 

 would be enlarged. He mentions a lacustrine form from Lake Ladoga, 



