166 SALMONID^. 



lower limb of the proeoporculum very broad, Dorsal somewhat 

 higher than long ; adipose fin rather small ; caudal deeply forked. 

 Silvery, greenish on the back. 



a-b. Seven and four inches long. Japan. From' the Leyden Museum. 

 c-7i. Four inches long. Formosa. From Consul Swinhoe's Col- 

 lection. 



6. OSMERUS. 



Osmems, sp., Artedi, Genera, p. 10. 

 Osmerus, Cuv. Reyne Anim. 



Body covered with scales of moderate size. Cleft of the mouth 

 wide ; maxillary long, extending to, or nearly to, the hind margin 

 of the orbit. Dentition strong : intermaxillary and maxillaiy teeth 

 small, much smaller than those of the mandible. Vomer with a 

 transverse series of teeth, several of which are large, fang-like ; a 

 series of conical teeth along the palatine and pterygoid bones. 

 Tongue with very strong fang-like teeth anteriorly, and with several 

 longitudinal series of smaller ones posteriorly. Pectoral fins mode- 

 rately developed. Pseudobranchise present, but rudimentary. BUnd 

 sac of the stomach of moderate length. Pyloric appendages veiy 

 short, in small number ; ova small. 



Atlantic coasts of the temperate parts of Europe and North 

 America ; periodically ascending rivers, and frequently permanent 

 residents of fi-eshwaters. One species from California. 



1. Osmerus eperlanus. 



The Smelt. Der Stint. Nai-s and Slom {Swedish). Smelte {Danish). 



L'Eperlan. 

 Local names : Spirling, Sparling. 

 Eperlauus, Rondelet, ii. p. 196 ; Belon, Be Aqtiat. p. 288 ; Aldrov. iv. 



c. 12. p. 536 ; Jmiston, ii. c. 2. t. 24. f. 3 ; Willughhy, p. 202, tab. N. 6. 



f. 4 ; Ray, p. 66. 

 Spirinchus, Jonston, t. 47. f. 6 ; Schonev. p. 70, tab. 7. 

 Osmerus no. 1, Artedi, Gen. p. 10; Synoti. p. 21, and Spec. p. 45 



(descr. very goodj. 

 Salmo, sp., Gronov. Zoophyl. no. 373. 

 Salnio eperlanus, L. Sysf. Nat. i. p. 511 ; Bl. i. p. 179, taf. 28. fig. 2; Bl. 



(Sfc7i«.p.410 ; Donov. Brit. Fish, ii.pl. 48 ; Titrton, Brit. Faun. p. 104; 



Pall. Zoogr. Ross.- As. iii. p. 386 ; Gronov. Syst. ed. Gray, p. 152. 

 Trutta, sp., Klein, Pise. Miss. v. p. 20. no. 12, tab. 4. figs. 2-4. 

 Smelt, Penn. Brit. Zool. iii. p. 273, pi. 61; and ed. 1812, iii. p. 416, 



pi. 72 ; Couch, Fish. Brit. Isl. iv. p. 276, pi. 227. 

 Duhamel, Peches, ii. § 11, pi. 4. 

 Salmo eperlauus, var. mannus, Walh. Artedi, iii. p. 57. 



eperlano-marums, Bl. i. p. 128, taf. 28. f. 1. 



Osmerus eperlauus, Lacep. v. p. 229 ; Richards. Faun. Bor.-Amer. iii. 



p. 185 (descr. taken from a Briti-sh specimen); Flem. Brit. An. 



p. 181 ; Ekstr. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1834, p. 7 ; and Fische v. Morko, 



p. 191 ; Jenyns, Man. p. 429 ; Yarrell, Brit. Fish. 2ud ed. ii. p. 129, 



and 3rd ed. i. p. 295 ; Parn. IVern. Mem.Vn. p. 312, or Fish. Firth 



of Forth, p. 152 ; Miss. Skand. Faun. Fisk. p. 433 ; Kriiyir, iJanm. 



Fisk. iii. p. 1 : Cuv. S; f'al. xxi. p. 371, pi. 620 ; Siebold, Siisswasierf. 



p. 271. 



