200 salmonidj:. 



12. THYMALLUS*. 



Thynaallus, Ctw. lihine Anim. 



Body covered with scales of moderate size. Cleft of the mouth 

 small ; maxillary short, broad, scarcely extending beyond the front 

 margin of the orbit. Small teeth in the jaw bones, on the head of 

 the vomer and the palatines ; none on the tongue. Dorsal fin long, 

 manv-rayed; caudal forked. Pseudobranchia3 well developed ; air- 

 bladder very large. iStomach horseshoe-shaped, pyloric appendages 

 rather numerous. 



Temperate parts of the northern hemisphere. 



1. Thymallus vulgaris. 



The Grayling. Der Ascli, Aesche. L'Ombre. Temelo or Temola 



{U>'j)er Italy). 

 QvjxaWos, jElian, lib. xiv. c. 22. 

 Thymallus seu Thymus, Bellon. De Aquat. p. 184 ; Salvian. fol. 81. 



taf. 16 ; Roiuhl. i'i. p. 187 ; Gesner, pp. 978, 979 ; Aldrov. v. c. 14. 



p. 594 ; Jondmi^ iii. tit. 1. c. 3, t. 26. figs. .3-5, and t. 31. fig. 6 ; 



Willughby, p. 187, tab. N. 8. 

 Coregonus no. 3, Artedi, Synon. p. 20; Genera, p. 10; and Species, 



p. 41. 

 Salmo, Gronov. Zoophyl. no. 375. 

 Salmo thymallus, L. Syst. Nat. i. p. 512 ; Bl. Fische Deutschl. i. p. 158, 



taf. 24 ; Bl. Schn. p. 410 ; Donov. Brit. Fish. iv. pi. 88 ; Pall. Zooyr. 



Boss.- As. iii. p. 364 (part.) ; Meidinger, tab. 33; Turton, Brit. Faun. 



p. 104 ; Gronov. Syst. ed. Gray, p. 153. 

 Asch, Mars. Danuh. iv. p. 75, pi. 25. fig. 2. «■ 

 Trutta, Klein, Pise. Miss. v. p. 21. n. 15, tab. 4. £ 5. 

 Coregonus thymallus, Lacep. v. p. 254; Flem. Brit. An. p. 181; 



Jit ri lie, Poiss. du Lac Leman, pi. 6. 

 Grayling, Pciiii. Brit. Zool. iii. p. 272, pi. 61, and ed. 1812, iii. p. 414, 



pi. 72 ; Lov:, Faun. Oread, p. 224 ; Davy, Salmonia, 1851, p. 170 ; 



Ccnich, Brit. Fish. iv. p. 280, pi. 228. 

 Duhamel, Pesches, ii. p. 218, pi. 3. fig. 2. 

 Thymallus vulgaiis, Nilss. Prodr. Ichth. Scand.-p. IS, and Skand.Faun. 



Fisk. p. 447 ; Jen. Man. p. 430; Yarr. Brit. Fish. 2nd ed. ii. p. 136, 



3rd ed. i. p. 304 ; Siehold, SUssivasserJische, p. 267. 

 Thymallus vexillifer, Ayass. Mem. Sac. Sc. Nat. Neuchdtel, i. t. B, 



1. 1). figs. 5-8 ( anatomy) ; and Poiss. d'eau douce, pis. 15, 16 ; Selys- 



Longch. Faun. Belye, p. 222 ; Cuv. 8f Val. xxi. p. 438 ; Heckel Sf 



Kner, Silssicasserf. p. 242. 

 Thymallus g^Tnnothorax, Cuv. Sf Val. xxi. p. 445, pi. 625 ; Giinther, 



Fisclic dcs Nickars, p. 117; Bapp, Fische des Bodensee^s, p. 25. 

 Thymallus thyiiinllus, Kroyer, Damn. Fisk. iii. p. 35. 



B. 7-8. D. 20-23. A. 13-16. P. 16. V. 10-11. L. lat. 75-85. 



L. transv. ^g. Cffic. pyl. 22. Vert. 39/22. 



The length of the head is two-ninths or one -fifth of the total (with- 

 out caudal) ; posterior dorsal rays somewhat produced in the adult 

 fish. Trunk generally with a few scattered, small, round, black dots. 

 Dorsal fin violet, with purplish spots. 



Fresh waters of Central and Northern Europe. 



* 1. Thymalus ontariensis, C. ^ V. xxi. p. 4.52. — Lake Ontario. 

 2. mertensii, C. ^ V. xxi. p. 453. — Kamtschatka. 



