1. GOBIUS. 57 



process posteriorly for articulation with the pubic bone of its side • 

 radius very short and intimately united with the humerus. Each 

 pubic bone, if viewed from above, is concave anteriorly and convex 

 posteriorly ; there is a cartilage intermediate between humerus and 

 pubic bone. 



The posterior portion of the occipital bone is somewhat produced 

 backwards ; there are twelve abdominal and sixteen caudal vertebrte 

 the length of the former portion of the vertebral column being to 

 that of the caudal as 1 : 1-3. The ribs are moderately strong, pro- 

 vided with long epipleurals. Neural, hajmal, &c. spines feeble. 



109. Gobius maderensis. 



Gobius madeu-ensis, Cuv. ^- Vol. xii. p. 55. 



— - niger, var., Lowe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 84, and Tra>is. Zool. 

 Soc. m. p. 10. 



D. 6|1. A.ij. L. lat. 54. 



Fourteen longitudinal series of scales between the second dorsal 

 and the anal fins. Head rather broader than high. The height of 

 the body is contained six times in the total length, the length of the 

 head four times and a half. The snout is somewhat longer than the 

 eye, the interorbital space exceedingly narrow. The dorsal fins are 

 somewhat remote from each other, and lower than the body ; the 

 distance of the fii-st dorsal from the eye equals that of the snout 

 from the prteoperculum ; several stripes of minute warts radiate 

 from the lower part of the orbit ; nape of the neck without warts. 

 The upper pectoral rays silk-like ; the ventral has the basal mem- 

 brane veiy broad, and does not extend on to the vent. Brownish- 

 black or blackish, with inconspicuous darker cross-bars ; fins black. 



Sea of Madeira. 



a-b, c, d-f, g. Madeira. 



h. Adult. Light-coloured variety. 



110. Gobius ekstromii. 



Gobius minutus, Ekstr. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1834, p. 64, and Fische in 

 den Scheeren von Morko, p. 260 (not Gm., Cuv., ^-c). 



D. 6 I i A. f,. L. lat. 60. 

 The height of the body is contained six times and a quarter in the 

 total length, the length of the head four times. The head is as 

 broad as high, and not quite Uvice as long as broad. The horizontal 

 diameter of the eye is one-fifth of the length of the head, and much 

 less than that of the snout. The interorbital space is very narrow. 

 The dorsal fins are rather remote fi-om each other, and somewhat 

 lower than the body ; the distance of the fii-st dorsal from the eye 

 is more than that of the snout from the praeoperculum. The pos- 

 terior dorsal rays are not longer than the anterior ones. None of 

 the pectoi-al rays silk-like ; the ventral extends to the vent. Trans- 

 parent yellowish, marbled with reddish; five or six dark-brown 



