20. CALLIONYMUS. 139 



horizontal, and with the upper jaw very protractile. Eyes of mo- 

 derate size, more or less directed upwards. Teeth very small, palate 

 smooth. A strong spine at the angle of the praeoperculum. Two 

 dorsal fins, the anterior with three or four flexible spines ; ventrals 

 five-rayed, widely apart from each other. Gill-openings veiy nar- 

 row, generally reduced to a foramen on the upper side of the oper- 

 culum ; branchiostegals six ; aii'-bladder none ; pseudobranchite, 

 a sUt behind the foiu-th gill. 



Sea-fishes Living on the bottom near the shore. Temperate seas of 

 the Old World ; Indian Ocean, fi'om the coast of Mozambique to the 

 Islands of the "Western Pacific. 



These fishes exhibit sexual differences in the structure of the fins 

 and in the coloration. 



The species may be divided into the following groups : — 



a. Gill-opening a very small foramen on the upper surface of the 

 head. Lateral line single (j). 139). 



/3. GiU-opening a veiy small foramen on the upper surface of the 

 head. Lateral line double (p. 149). 



y. GUI-opening somewhat dilated, rather more on the side of the 

 head. No detached ventral ray. {SyncMropus, GUI.) (p. 149). 



a. Species with a very small gill-opening on the upper surface of the 

 head. Lateral line single. 



1. CaUionymus lyra. 



The Dragonet. Fox. Skidpin. 



Petiver, Gazophyl. tab. 22. fig. 2 ; Seha, iii. 30. 7 ; Strom, Sondm. i. 



p. 278 ; Borlase, Hist. C'ornw. p. 270. tab. 26. fig. 10 ; Duhamel, 



Peches, ii. sect. 5. p. 116. pi. 10. 

 Cottus, sp., Gronui: Act. Upsal. 1740, p. 121. tab. 8. 

 Calljjjn^iiius hi-a, L. Syst. Nat. i. p. 4.3-3, and Faun. Suec. p. 110 ; Bl. 



ii. p. '71. taf. 161; Bl. Sclm. p. 39; Lacep. ii. p. 329. pi. 10. fig. 1; 



Donov. Brit. Fishes, i. pi. 9 ; Retz. Faun. p. 313 ; Midi Zool Dan. 



p. 21. pi. 28; Couch, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. p. 71; Turt. Brit. Faun. 



p. 88 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. p. 208 ; Fries, Vet. Acad Handl. 1837, 



p. 39 ; Fries och Ekstr. Skand. Fisk. p. 95. tab. 22 .& 23 ; Parn. 



Fishes Frith of Forth, p. 88 ; Cuv. S,- Val. xii. p. 266; Yarr. Brit. 



Fishes, 1st edit. i. p. 261, 2nd edit. i. p. 297, 3rd edit. ii. p. 310 (fig. 



cop. Fries och Fkstr.) ; Neill, Wern. Mem. i. p. 529 ; Cuv. B^gne 



Anim. III. Poiss. pi. 82. fig. 1 ; Nihs. Skand. Fauna, Fisk. p. 212 ; 



Guichen. Explor. Alger. Poiss. p. 78. 

 Callion-\Tnus dracimciilus, L. Syst. Nat. i. p. 433 ; Strom, Norske Selsk. 



Nye Handl. i. p. 149 ; Bl. ii. p. 84. taf. 162. fig. 2 ; Bl. Schn. p. 40 ; 



Lacep. ii. p. 335 ; Betz. Faun. p. 313 ; Zool. Dan. i. p. 4:34 ; Turt. 



Brit. Faun. p. 89 ; Donov. Brit. Fishes, iv. t. 84 ; Johnst. Zool. Journ. 



iii. p. 336 ; Cuv. 8^ Val. xii. p. 274 ; Yarr. Brit. Fishes, 2nd edit. 



3. CaUionymus orientalis, Bl. Schn. p. 41. tab. 6 ; Cuv. 4' Val. xii. p. 297. — 



Tranquebar. 



4. melanotopterus, Bleek. Natuurk. Tydschr. Nederl. hid. 1850, p. 31. 



— Batavia. 



