2, LIPARIS. 159 



One dorsal fin, with the rays feeble, flexible, the anterior ones being 

 unarticulated. Ventral fins composed of one spine and five rays, all 

 united into a more or less circular disk. A villiform band of teeth 

 in the jaws, palate smooth. Three gills and a half ; pseudobranchia3 

 none or rudimentaiy ; branchiostegals six (five). Gill-opening nar- 

 row, the giU-membranes being united below the throat and firmly 

 attached to the isthmus. Skeleton rather firm. Number of the 

 pyloric appendages increased. 



Northern seas of both hemispheres ; extending southwards to the 

 coasts of Belgium, England, and California. 



1. Liparis vulgaris. 



Sea Snail, WiUughhy ; Petiver, Gazoph. tab. 51. fig. 5. 



Liparis nostras, Willughby, App. p. 17. tab. H. 6. fig. 1 ; Mai/, p. 74. 



Cycloptenis liparis, L. Si/st. Nat. i. p. 414; ? £1. taf. 123. figs. 3, 4; 



Lacep. ii. p. 69. 

 Gobio, sp., Kblreuter, Nov. Comm. Petrop. ix. p. 439. tab. 9. figs. 5 & 6. 

 Cyclogaster, sp., Gronov. Zoophyl. n. 198; Act. Helvet, iv.p. 265. n. 165. 



tab. 13. 

 Gobioides smymensis, Lacep. ii. p. 579. 

 Liparis, sp., Bl. Schn. p. 569. 

 Unctuous Lump-sucker, Penn. Brit. Zool. iii. p. 135. pi. 21. figs. 2, 4 ; 



Donor. Brit. Fishes, ii. pi. 47. 

 Liparis vulgaris, Flem. Brit. Aitim. p. 190 ; Yarr. Brit. Fishes, 2nd 



edit. ii. p. 371, 3rd edit. ii. p. 349; Parn. Werii. Mem. vii. p. 383, 



and Fishes Frith of Forth, p. 223. 

 barbatus, Eksir. Vet. Akad. Handl 1832, p. 168. tab. 5, and 



Fische Scheer. Miirko, p. 112. tab. 5; Nihs. Shand.Faan. Fisk. p. 237. 

 Cyclogaster liparis, Gronov. Syst. ed. Gray, p. 40. 



Variety. 

 Cj'clopterus lineatus, Lepechin in Nov. Comm. Petrop. xviii. p. 522. 



tab. 5. figs. 2, 3 ; Bl. Schn. p. 198. 



musculus, Lacep. iv. p. 683. 



Liparis lineatus, Krliyer, Naturh. Tidskr. ii. 1847, p. 284 ; Gaim. Voy. 



Scand. Poiss. pi. 13. fig. 2. 



B. 6. D. 35-36. A. 27-28. C. 10. C^c. pyl. 16. Vert. 12/30. 



Vertical fins contiguous ; the anal commences in the vertical from 

 the seventh dorsal ray ; pectoral margin with a notch, the lower 

 rays being produced ; ventral disk rather longer than broad, half as 

 long as the head. 



o. Adult. 



b. Adult : skin. 



This species is not rare on the coasts of Northern Europe ; it 

 would appear, from the accounts of Kokeuter, that it occm-s also in 

 the Mediterranean (Smyrna). This, however, is veiy doubtful, none 

 of the later authors having confirmed this observation. It extends 

 Very far northwards, to 70° N. lat., to Spitzbergen and the shores of 

 the Wbite Sea. 



The body is thick and subcylindrical anteriorly, compressed pos- 



