2\). ZOARCES. 295 



29. ZOARCES*. 

 Zoarces, Cuv. Regne Anim. ; Cue. ^'- Vid. xi. p. 450. 



Body elongate, witli the scales rudimentary ; snout of moderate 

 extent ; conical teeth in the jaws, palate smooth. Dorsal fin long, 

 with a depression on the tail, which is formed by a series of spines 

 much shorter than the rays ; no other spines, either in the dorsal 

 or in any of the other fins ; dorsal and anal fins running round the 

 extremity of the taU, without a distinct caudal fin. Ventrals short, 

 formed by three or four rays. Gill-openings wide ; pseudobranchiae 

 present ; branchiostegals six ; air-bladder and pyloric appendages 

 absent. 



Temperate seas of Northern Europe and America. The European 

 species viviparous. 



1 . Zoarces viviparus. 



Mustela vivipara et marina, ScJwnev. pp. 49, 50. tab. 4. fig. 2 ; Jonston, 



tab. 46. fig. 8 ; Willughbij, p. 122. tab. H. 3. fig. 5 ; Ray, p. 69. 

 Lumpen, Willughbi/, p. 120. tab. II. 1. 



Gufter, Ealpout, Sihbald, Scot. Illmtr. iii. p. 25. pi. 19. fig. 3. 

 Blennius, sp. 7, Artedi, Synon. p. 45. 

 Blennius viviparus, L. Syst. Nat. i. p. 443, and Mt(s. Ad. Fried, p. 69. 



pi. 32 ; Kon. Vetensk. Akad. Handl 1748, p. 37. t. 2, and Faun. Siiec. 



p. 113 ; m. iii. 2. p. 262. tab. 72 ; Rl. Sckn. p. 170 ; 3mi. Zool. Dan. 



ii. p. 23. pi. 67 ; Wa/b. Art. Ren. iii. p. 185 ; Refz. Faun. Suec. p. 325 ; 



Siemsen, Fische 3Iecklenb. p. 26 ; Donov. Brit. Fishes, ii. pi. 34 ; Tur- 



ton, Brit. Faun. p. 93; Low, Faun. Oread, p. 204; Shato, Zool. iv. 



p. 182. 

 Euchelyopus, sp., Klein, Miss. iv. p. 57. n. 12. tab. 15. fig. 1 ; Gronov. 



Zoophyl. n. 265, and 3fus. Ichth. i. p. 65. 

 Viviparous Blenny, Penn. Brit. Zool. iii. p. 184. pi. 37, and edit. 1812, 



iii. p. 283. pi. 41. 

 Blennius ovoviviparus, Lacep. ii. p. 498. 

 GxmeUus viviparus, Flem. Brit. An. p. 207. 

 Zoarces viviparus. Cue. Regne Anim. ; Jenipis, 3Ian. p. 384 ; Yarrell, 



Brit. Fishes, 1st edit. i. p. 243, 2ud edit. i. p. 273, 3rd edit. ii. 



p. 380 ; Niks. Prodr. p. 105 ; Cuv. Sf Val. xi. p. 454 ; Parn. Wm-n. 



3fem. vii. p. 237. 

 Zoarcfeus viviparus, Ekstrom, Fische 3Idrkd, ed. Creph'n,^p. 24:1; Fries 



och Ekstr. Skand. Fisk. p. 36. taf. 8. fig. 1 ; Niks. Skand. Faun. iv. 



p. 203. 

 Enchelyopus \T.viparus, Gronov. Syst. ed. Gray, p. 100. 



B. 6. D. 78 I 10 I 20-21. A. 84-85. Y. 3. 



The height of the body is about one-ninth of the total length. 



* 1. Enchelyopus, sp., Gronov. Zoopk. n. 266. p. 77. — Blennius americanus, Bl. 

 Sckn. p. 171. — Zoarces gronovii, Cuv. ^- Val. xi. p. 469. — Enchelyopus 

 americanus. Gronov. Syst. ed. Gray, p. 101. — Coast of America. — This 

 fish belongs probably to another genus. 

 2. Blennius polaris, Stihhic. Sitppl. fo Parry's First Voy. p. 222 ; Eoss, App. 

 to Parry's Polar Voy. p. 200, and App. to the Narrat. of a Second Voy. 

 p. 52. n. 8. — Zoarces polaris, Bivhards. Faun. Bor. Amer. Fishes, p. 94. 

 Arctic coasts of North America. — This fish is not a Zoarces. 



