7. 08PHR0MENUS. 383 



in the penultimate lateral baud, a Jitilc in front of the end of the 

 anal fin. 



Fresh waters of Java, Madura, Sumatra, and Borneo. Naturalized 

 in Pinang, Malacca, Mamitius, and Cayenne. 



a-c. Adult and half-grown : skins. Pinang. From Dr. Cantor's 

 Collection. 



d. Young. Malayan Peninsula. From Dr. Cantor's CoUection. 



e, f. Half-grown and young : skins. East Indies. 

 g. Half-grown. East Indies. 



h-m. Half-grown and young. Mauritius. From the CoUection of 



the Zoological Society. 

 n, o-p, q. Half-grown and young, 

 r. Half-grown : skeleton. Purchased. 



SJceleton. — The upper surface of the skull, the interorbital space 

 included, is rather broad and convex ; occipital crest elevated, lateral 

 crests moderateljf developed ; there is a broad and deep groove ex- 

 tending on between the orbits, in which the processes of the inter- 

 maxillary move ; the turbinal bones are elongate, and situated on 

 each side of that groove. The posterior processes of the intermax- 

 illary arc longer than the descending branches of the bone, or than 

 the maxillary, which is very slightly dilated at its extremity ; prae- 

 orbital triangular, infraorbital ring very narrow. The bottom of the 

 tympanic cavity is entirely osseous. The limbs of the pra;operculum 

 are of equal length, and meet at a right angle, the edge of the lower 

 limb being slightly curved ; operculum higher than long. Coracoid 

 straight, long ; there is a wide cleft between ulna and humerus ; 

 carpal bones shoi-t ; pubic bones narrow, slender, firmly attached to 

 each other, each being composed of three lamellse. 



There are nineteen abdominal and twenty-eight caudal vertebra, 

 the length of the former portion of the vertebral column being to that 

 of the caudal as 1 : 1'5. The vertebrae ai'e short, slightly compressed, 

 elevated. The hffimals and intcrha3mals are considerably longer than 

 the neurals and interneurals. There are seven spurious intemeurals 

 between the occiput and the dorsal fin ; one iuterhasmal and inter- 

 neural always correspond to a ha3mal and neural. The first ha3mal is 

 very long and strong : the first interhasmal is curved, and fixed to the 

 middle of the lia^mal, so that a space remains between the lower end 

 of the hicraal and the upj^er of the interhajmal ; this space is filled 

 up by five interhajmals intercalated between the two bones : the 

 second haemal is firmlj^ united with the first: the last haemal is 

 continuous with the fan-like expansion of the last vertebra. Eibs 

 moderately developed. 



lines. 

 Length of the fifth, twelfth, and twenty-sixth 



vertebras Ih, 



of the abdominal portion 18| 



of the caudal portion 2S 



of the fu'st hajmal spine 19 



