440 MUGILID^. 



the nasal bones. The space at the chin, between the mandibularies 

 and the interopercnla, is rather broad, elongate, cimeiform. There are 

 twenty-eight or thirty scales between the snout and the spinous dorsal. 

 The two anterior dorsal spines are nearly half as long as the head. 

 The eighth or ninth, the twelfth or thirteenth, and the twenty-fourth 

 or twenty-fifth scales of the lateral line correspond to the extremity 

 of the pectoral and to the origin of the two dorsal fins. The root of 

 the pectoral is above the middle of the body ; the ventral is inserted 

 midway between the pectoral and spinous dorsal. Dark stripes along 

 the series of scales ; generally a blackish spot sujjcriorly at the base 

 of the pectoral. 



Coasts of Europe. Nile. Freshwater lakes of Tunis. Cape of 

 Good Hope. 



a. Yoimg : stuffed. Frith of Forth. From Dr. Parnell's Collection. 

 h-c. Fine specimens. British coast. 

 d-f. Adult and half-grown : stuffed. English coast. 

 (/, li-l. Half-grown and young : not good state. English coast. 



Presented by Mr. Yai-rell as M. ce^jTialus, 

 m. Young. Devonshire. Museum Leach, 

 n, 0. Adult. Lisbon. Presented by the Eev. E. T. Lowe. 

 J). Adult. Dalmatia. 



q. Young. Mediterranean. Presented by Dr. RiippeU. 

 r-u, v-z. Adult and half-grown. Nile (Cairo). Collected by Mr. 



Petherick, H.M. Consul at Chartum. 

 a. Half-grown. Cape of Good Hope. Presented by the Medical 



Officers R.A. 

 ft. Young : skin. From Gronow's CoUeetion. 

 y. Adult : skeleton. England. Purchased. 



Valenciennes, relying upon the authority of Ehrenberg and upon 

 the specimens collected by him, states that, besides the ti-ue M. capita, 

 another species is fo^^nd in the Nile closely resembling it, but distin- 

 guished by the position of the dorsal fuis. " The distance between 

 the commencement of the first dorsal and that of the second is less 

 than in the other species [of Europe], for in the latter it is equal to 

 the distance between the commencement of the second dorsal and 

 that of the caudal, whilst in the Dubahra it is one-fourth less. 

 Otherwise the species agrees with 31. mpito." He calls this species 

 M. dubahra (xi. p. 60). Having examined oiu- European-and African 

 specimens of M. capito with regard to the position of their dorsal fins, 

 I found that they are intermediate between M. capita and M. dubahra. 

 The future must show whether the Dubcdira has other characters by 

 which it may be distinguished from M. capita. 



The skeleton does not differ from that of M. septentrionalis. 



33. Mugil richardsonii. 



Smith, Ilhistr. Zool. South Afr. Pise. pi. 29. fig. 1. 



D. 4 I i.. A. 1. L. lat. 40. L. transv. 16. 

 The height of the body is contained four times and a half in the 



