1. MUGIL. 455 



covered by the raandibularies, or they leave between them only a 

 very narrow strip uncovered. There are twenty-eight scales between 

 the snout and the spinous dorsal. The two anterior dorsal spines 

 exceed one-half of the length of the head. The thirteenth, the 

 fourteenth or fifteenth, and the twenty-sixth or twenty-seventh 

 scales of the lateral line correspond to the extremity of the pectoral 

 and to the origin of the two dorsal fins ; the origin of the spinous 

 dorsal is nearer to the caudal than to the snout. The root of the 

 pectoral is somewhat above the middle of the body ; the ventral is 

 inserted midway between the pectoral and spinous dorsal. Dark 

 stripes along the series of scales. 



Mediterranean. Madeira. Canary Islands. 



a. Adult. Lanzarote. Presented by the Rev. R. T. Lowe. 



b-c. Young. Mediterranean. From Mr. Petherick's Collection. — 



Young individuals of this and the following species have the 



labial papillae very little developed. 



58. Mugil septentrionalis. 



Mugil cephalus, Schagerstr. Vet. Akad. Hcmdl. 1829, p. 90. tab. 3. iig. 1. 



capito, Niks. Prodr. p. 69. 



chelo, Yarr. Brit. Fishes, i. p. 207, 2nd edit. i. p. 241, 3rd edit. ii. 



p. 182 (not the figure which has been copied from Bonaparte and 

 belongs to the true chelo) ; Thonips. Nat. Hist. Irel. iii. p. 100 ; 

 Parn. Went. 3Ietn. vii. p. 228, or Fishes Frith of Forth, p. 68 (pi. 28 

 is a copy from Ciw. <^ Val., and represents 31. chelo) ; Niks. Faun. 

 Skand. iv. p. 177. 



D. 4 1 4-- ^- ^- L- lat. 45. L. transv. 16. Csec. pylor. 5. 



I 9 9 (10) '■•' 



Vert. 11/13. 



The height of the body is contained four times and a half to four 

 times and two-thirds in the total length, the length of the head five 

 times or five times and a half. The 

 upper lip is thick, with two series of 

 short and obtuse papillas on its inferior 

 third. The extremity of the maxillary 

 is visible behind and below the angle of 

 the mouth. The prseorbital is very ob- 

 liquely truncated, so that its posterior 

 angle is pointed, whilst the anterior is 

 very obtuse and rounded. Mandibles 

 very broad, nearly entirely covering the M. septentrionalis. 



chin. The tenth, the fifteenth, and 



the twenty-seventh scales of the lateral line correspond to the ex- 

 tremity of the pectoral and to the origin of the two dorsal fins ; the 

 origin of the spinous dorsal is exactly on the middle between the 

 snout and the base of the caudal. Dark stripes along the series of 

 scales. 



British and Scandinavian coasts. 



a. Adult : stuffed. Frith of Forth. 



