8. ECHENEIS. 381 



vided vnth three low ridges ; they are attached to the middle of the 

 humcnis by a short process ; another pair of processes are directed 

 forwards towards the symphysis of the humeral bones, to which, 

 however, they do not extend. 



There are twelve abdominal and fifteen caudal vertebne, the length 

 of the former portion of the vertebral column being to that of the 

 latter as 1:1-35. The vertebrte are rather slender and elongate; 

 the neural spines short, and depressed backwards. The parapo- 

 physes of the abdominal vertebra3 are remarkably strong and long, 

 and, at the extremity of each, a rib and epipleural spine are sus- 

 pended ; — even the caudal vertebrae are provided with epipleurals. 

 The structure of the buckler is laioAvn, and it need only be mentioned 

 that each pair of the lameUae (dorsal spines) has a corresponding 

 interneural. 



6. Echeneis osteochir. 

 Cm: Recjne Anim., and edit. III. Poias. pi. 108. fig. 3 (bad). 

 Disk ^dth nineteen laminae. The rays of the pectoral compressed 

 and ossified. (Cuv.) 

 Hah. •? 



7. Echeneis scutata. 



Gibith. Ann. 8f May. Nut. Hist. May 1860, p. 401. pi. 10. f. B. 

 D. 27 I 22. A. 21-23. 



The length of the disk is 21 in the total, the width of the body 

 between the pectorals 5|^. Caudal truncated ; dorsal and anal fins 

 not continued to the caudal. Coloiu' brown. 



Indian Ocean. 



a. Large specimen : stuffed. Ceylon. From Dr. Sibbald's Collection. 



b. Half-grown. India. Presented by G. R. Waterhouse, Esq. 



Description. — This species has the general habit of E. remora, but 

 may be readily distinguished from all the others by the extraordinary 

 size of the disk, which is elongate, subelliptical, obtusely roimded 

 anteriorly and posteriorly, and formed by twenty-seven paii's of la- 

 minae ; it extends backwards beyond the vertical from the tip of the 

 ventraLs, and its length is 2i in the total. The spines with which 

 the single laminae are armed are less conspicuous than in the other 

 species, and do not offer the same resistance to the touch. There 

 is a large posterior portion of the disk which is not provided with 

 laminae, but quite smooth. The width of the disk, taken between 

 the extremities of the bony lammce, is one-third of its length ; the 

 membranaceous margin is bent upwards. 



The head and the body below the disk are depressed, and their 

 height is 9| in the total length, whilst the width between the pec- 

 torals is 5|- in it. The body between the disk and the vertical fins 

 is quadi-angidar, tapering posteriorly. The upper jaw is subtnin- 

 cated, and oveiTeached by the lower, which is much narrower ; both 

 are armed with a broad band of villiform teeth, and with an outer 



