1. TRACntlRUS. 419 



First Group. CAEANGINA. 



Carangidfn with the soft dorsal and anal of nearly equal extent. 



1. TRACHURUS. 



Trachui-us, Ciiv. ^ Val. ix. p. 6. 



Body slightly compressed, oblong, covered with very small scales ; 

 the lateral line with a band of high plates from the origin to the 

 end, each plate with a curved spine. Cleft of the mouth moderate, 

 snout rather extended. Two dorsals ; the first less developed than the 

 second, with eight spines and with a horizontal anterior spine, di- 

 rected forwards. Two anal spines, separated from the soft portion ; 

 finlets none. Minute teeth in the jaws, on the vomer and on the 

 palatines. Seven branchiostegals ; pseudobranchise present ; aii-- 

 bladder bifurcate posteriorly. Pyloric aj)pendages in increased 

 number. 



Coasts of Europe and Africa ; East Indian and Australian Seas ; 

 temperate parts of the Pacific. 



1 . Trachurus trachurus. 



The Horse-Mackarel. 



Tpaxovpos, Athen. vii. 326 ; Oppian, Halieut. i. p. .5. 



Saurus, Salvian. fol. 79. 



Lacertiis s. Trachurus, Bellon. p. 1.33 ; Gesner, pp. 467, 552. 



Trachurus, Rondel, viii. c. 6. p. 233 ; Sclwnev. p. 75 ; Aldrov. ii. e. 52. 



p. 268 ; Jonston, i. tit. 3. cap. 3. art. 1. tab. 21. f. 8 ; WiUuqhbij, 



p. 290. tab. S. 22 ; Ray, p. 92. 

 Scomber, no. 3, Artedi, Oenera, p. 31. 

 trachurus, L. Si/st. Nat. i. p. 494 ; Bl. taf. 56; Bl. Schn. p. 27 ; 



Pall. Zoof/r. Ross. iii. p. 218 ; Donor. Brit. Fishes, i. pi. 3. 

 sp., Gronov. Zoophyl. no. 308, and Mus. Ichth. i. p. 34. no. 80 ; 



Duhamel, Peches, ii. sect. 7. p. 189 ; Pennant, Brit. Zool. iii. p. 237. 



pi. 51. 

 Caranx trachurus, Lacep. iii. p. 63 ; Risso, Ichth. Nice, p. 173, and 



Utir. Merid. iii. p. 421 ; Cur. Sf Val. ix. p. 11. pi. 246 ; Parn. Fishes 



Frith of Forth, p. 57 ; Yarrell, Brit. Fishes, i. p. 175; Gai/, Hist. 



Chile, Zool. ii. p. 233 ; Cur. Ref/ne Anim. III. Poiss. j)!. 57. f. 1 ; 



Richards. Ichth. Chin. p. 273, and Ann. 8,- Mag. Nat. Hist. 1843, xi. 



p. 25; Nordm. in Demid. Voy. Russ. Merid. iii. p. 393; Guichen. 



Explor. Alger. Poiss. p. 61. 

 Caranxomorus, Lacep. iii. pi. 11. f. 1 (according to C^ir.). 

 Caranx amia, Risso, Ichth. Nice, p. 174. 

 Seriola picturata, Bawd. Exc. p. 123. f. 27 (very bad). 

 Trachurus em-opaeus, Gronor. Syst. ed. Gray, p. 125. 

 Caranx trachui-us iaponicus, Schleg. Faun. Japan. Poiss. p. 109. pi. 59. 



f. 1. 

 Selar japonicus, Bleek. Verh. Bat. Gen. xxvi. Japan, pi. 8. f. 1. 

 Caranx sjonmetricus, Ayres, Proc. Calif. Acad. Nat. Sc. i. 1855, p. 62. 

 Trachurus s^anmetricus, Girard in U. S. Pacif. R. R. FxjJed. Fishes, 



p. 107. 

 Caranx cuvieri, Lowe, Trans. Zool. Soc. ii. p. 183. 



2e2 



