PLASTIC Cn.VRACTERS. xlvii 



darker at concealed base in females than in males ; neck-tufts (not 

 conspic-uous, except on spreading the fur) in males of some species. 

 jicerodoti : essentially as Fterojjvs. Pteralopex: no appreciable 

 differentiatio]!. Styloctenium: sexual characters imperfect.l}' known. 

 Dobsonia : as a rule scarcely any appreciable differentiation, in at 

 least one species (D. viridis) males distinctly richer in general 

 colour. Harpy ionycteris: known from one adult specimen (unsexed). 



Epomophorus section. — Generally characterized by the unusually 

 high development of secondary sexual differences. Plerotes: 

 differentiation unknown (one female). Epomops : males with large 

 shoulder pouches and erectile shoulder brushes ; males with two 

 pairs of pharyngeal sacs (p. 492) ; larynx enlarged in males ; males 

 averaging considerably larger than females. Hypsir/nathits : no 

 shoulder pouches or shoulder brushes ; males with pharyngeal sacs 

 and enlarged larj'nx, as in Epomop>s, and with a pair of sub- 

 cutaneous rostral air-sacs; cutaneous folds on extremity of muzzle 

 much larger in males ; muzzle and cranial rostrum of males much 

 enlarged and differing in shape from those of females ; malts 

 averaging much larger. Ej^iomophorus : males with large shoulder 

 pouches and erectile shoulder brushes, and with one small central 

 pharyngeal sac ; males averaging larger (character much less 

 pronounced in the smaller than in the larger species). Micro- 

 pteropvs and Nanonycteris : deep shoulder pouches and erectile 

 brushes in males (females often with small pouches, but no brushes); 

 scarcely any appreciable sexual difference in size. Scoionycicris 

 and Cashiyderis : sexual characters uncertain (adult males un- 

 known). 



Cyiwpterus section. — Sexual differentiation, if developed, usually 

 Rousettine in character (though often more pronounced). 2Iyo- 

 'iiycLeris: males with neck-tufts and " ruff " across foreneck (adult 

 females unknown). Cynoj^terus and Pienochirus: males with ncck- 

 lufts (small tufts sometimes traceable in females) and often with 

 " ruff." Mi'i/a'rops and Dyaropierus : males unknot n. BaVto- 

 nycterix : hair of foreneck brighter in males. Chirona.v r.nd 

 Tliooptirus: adult males unknown. Penlhetor : no sexual difiVi- 

 eiitiation. Sphccrias: males not seen. Nyctimcne: in some species, 

 males with fur of sides of neck, foreneck, chest, and flanks much 

 brighter in colour ; in other species, scarcely any sexual differ- 

 entiation in the colour of the underpaits, but females much paler 

 above (cream-buff, cream-white) than males (fawn-brown, ashy- 

 brown, ashy-drab). 



Macroglossi7)a'. — Secondarj- sexual differences in most genera 

 undeveloped ; if present, essentially llousettine, thougli in the case 

 of one genus combined with a conspicuous average difference in 

 size. Eonyciervi : males with a well-defined "ruff" across the 

 foreneck of generally deeper (more saturated) colour, and averag- 

 ing noticeably larger. Megalcylossrts'. males with large (whitish) 

 neck-tufts. Macroglossns, Syconycteri/i, Melonycteris, ycsonycferis, 

 and Aofoptervi : no conspicuous sexual differentiation. 



