ISTEUKI LAI IONS OF OENEKA. Ivii 



ridges are (luitc or nearly as in Huuseltus, but tlie rostrum is con- 

 spicuously shortened, the facial axis less detiected, ni^ and m" (last 

 lower and upper moLir) leduced almost to rudiments, the orbits 

 larger, the nostrils more piomiuent, and the calcar weaker. One 

 species, inluibiting the island of San Thome, Gnlf of Guinea, is a 

 little peculiar in some details of its dentition and ought to stand as 

 a distinct subgenus (F/n/(jelis, p. 57'.*, fig. 47). 



Cynopterus (six species, si.xteen forms: Oriental region, east to 

 Celebes and Timor) is further modilied : the rostrum is still more 

 shortened, the facial axis more nearly horizontal, m^ and m" have 

 disappeared, more or less distinct surface cusps are often developed 

 in pj and m, (see p. 589 and fig. 49), the upper and lower canines 

 have develo])cd a small supplementary cusp on the inner edge, the 

 papillie on the inner side of the lips are increased both in number 

 and siiic, the palate-ridges more crowded, thicker, and more sharply 

 lirojecling, the nostrils more })roniinent, the tail a little more 

 reduced, the colours of the fur more inclining toward the brighter 

 tinges of brown, and the neck-tuttsof the males more conspicuou&ly 

 differentiated. 



Ptenochirus (one species : rhilii))iiiie Islands) is an only slightly 

 modilied offshoot from the CipiojjiiVKs tj'pe (showing j)articularly 

 close atfinities to the " J\'ia<lius " grou]) of that genus, a small group 

 of species inhabiting the Malay I'ciiinsula, tSuniatra, !Xias, and 

 Java, and characterized by the rather broader, more sub-squarish 

 cheek-teeth and rather more shar|)ly developed surface cusps 

 in p^ and m^) : i^ has disap[)eared (the tooth is in Cynoptenis 

 smaller in bulk tlian i.,), i' is considerably sliortcned (in Cynopierus 

 already slightly so), and there is a distinct vertical groove on the 

 antero-medial surface of the ujjper canines (scarcely traceable in 

 Cynopterus). 



Megserops (one species : Malay reuinsula, ISumatra, Borneo) 

 is derived from a bat very simitar to Cynopterus but without 

 secondary cusps in the canines and without surface cusjjs in the 

 lower cheek-teeth ; i^ is lost, i'' shortened, some of the lowei' cheek- 

 teeth (p,, m,) are become broader, more subsijuarish in outline, the 

 rostrum is much deeper in front, the nostrils rather more pioniinent 

 (subtubular), and the external tail has disappeared. 



Also Dyacopterus (one species : Borneo) has originated from a 

 primitive " Cy)iojitenis," without secondary cusps to the canines ; 

 the cheek-feetli above and, particularly, below are shorter and 

 broader, m' and m^ somewhat reduced, j), and ro, liave develojied a 

 conspicuous rounded surface tubercle, p' is absent (or deciduous), 

 the prcmaxilla! solidly ankylosed together in front, the postdcutal 

 palate shoi'ter, the i)Ostorbital foramina (piercing bases of post- 

 orbital processes) quite small, the membranes inserted on second 

 (instead of first) toe, and the fur of the. body unusually short aud 

 closely adpressed. 



In Myonycteris m, and m* are present, though reduced ; Balio- 

 nycteris (one species : Borneo) has lost m^, but retained m'- in a 



