Ixxxii CEOGUArnicAL msTEiBuriorf. 



Indo-Malayan subrcgion . 



13 genera, JiG species (55 forms). Of the genera seven (all 

 nionotypic) are peculiar, yiz. one of the Rousettus section [Dob- 

 sonia liranch), Hn>-j)yionyrtens, and six of the Gijnoptervs section, 

 Ptcnochiriis, Megteropx, Di/acopteru$, Balionycteris, Ch'rona.v, and 

 Penthelor. Twenty-seven species (forty-six forms) are peculiar. 

 Only one or two forms have entered the present subregion from the 

 west (Indo-China), viz. Cijnnplerus sphinx (here differentiated as a 

 distinct subspecies, titiJuec/ieiJvs) and, perhaps, Cynojitenis brachy- 

 oiis angjilatus; but four species have spread in the opposite 

 direction, from Indo-Malaj'a into Indo-China, viz. Rousettus amplexi- 

 caudattis, Fieroptis hypomelanus, Eonycteris spelcva, and Macroglossus 

 minimus. Macroylo^sus lar/ochilus is the only species which is 

 widely distributed both in Indo- and Austro-Malaya, but four 

 other Indo-Malayan species extend into the extreme western or 

 south-western Austro-Malaya, viz. Pteropus mimus and Cynopferus 

 brachyotis to Celebes, Rousettus amjjlcxicautlatus and Fierojms 

 vampyrus to Timor. 



Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo. — Taken as a whole this 

 " province " is characterized, as against any other part of Indo- 

 Malaj'a, by the presence of four peculiar genera, Megcerops 

 (ecaudatits), Dyacoptenis {spadicevs), Balionycteris (mactdaia), and 

 Pentheior (liicasi). It must be mentioned, however, that Balio- 

 nycteris has its "equivalent" in Java {CJtirona.v), and Penthetor a 

 close relative in western Austro-Malaya {Thoopterus). The status 

 of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo inter se is, judged by 

 their Megachiroptera, practically the same as if judged by any 

 other large group of Mammalia, •/. e. they are undoubtedlj' closely 

 connected zoogeographically, while at the same time each has certain 

 distinctive features, these latter decidedly more pronounced in the 

 Eorneanthan in the Peninsular and Sumatran faunas. Borneo has 

 two peculiar genera {Dyacnpterus, Balionycteris) and four peculiar 

 forms, the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra have no peculiar genera, 

 but each one peculiar form. The following forms arc common to 

 all three areas, viz. Rousettus ample.cicaudatus, Cynop^terus brachy- 

 otis brachyotis, Meya'rops ecaudatus, and Penthctor lucasi (not 

 actually recorded from Sumatra itself, but from the E,hio Archi- 

 pelago) : of these the two latter are the most important, since 

 found nowhere outside this province ; the two former have a wider 

 distribution in Indo-Malaya. The following are common to the 

 Malay Peninsula and Sumatra, but unknown from Borneo, viz. 

 Pteropus vampyrus malaccensis (in Borneo replaced by Pt. v. natuna:), 

 Cynop)terus brachyotis angidatus, Eonycteris spelcea (in Borneo 

 replaced by E. major), and Macroglossus minimus (in Borneo re- 

 placed by a form of M. lagocMlus). No form is common to 

 Sumatra and Borneo but absent in the Malay Peninsula, and none 

 is common to the Malay Peninsula and Borneo but absent in 

 Sumatra. 



