4 EJDuLOX. 



cuttino;-e(lge bluut ; i'-i' widely separated (chiefly owing to 

 separation of premaxillaries), the interspace being nearly equal 

 to diastema i'^-c ; i'-i^ rather closely approximated. Canines 

 simple ; cingjlum not sharply pronounced, no secondary cusps ; 

 surface of crown as a rule marked by three shallow vertical 

 grooves, one anterior, one internal, and one posterior. All post- 

 canine teeth more or less separated; interspace c-p' much greater 

 than diastema i"-c. p' small, but much less reduced than in 

 Rousetlus, being in cross section at base of crown from three to 

 six times the size of an upper incisor, and nearly equal to m^ ; as a 

 rule situated nearer to the canine than to \)^ : as clearly seen on 

 comparison with p' and p'', tlie crown of yj' is formed by the com- 

 pletely fused cusps 4 and 6, a slight f sometimes obsolete) depression 

 on its posterior face representing the remnants of the median 

 groove, p' almost caniniform, its princi])al cusp (formed by the 

 anteriorly completely fused cusps 4 and 6) from one half to two 

 thirds the height of the canine, acutely triangular, sharply pointed ; 

 a vertical furrow on its posterior face corresponding to the longi- 

 tudinal groove in the posterior cheek-teeth, p"" molariform, longer 

 (antero-posteriorly) than broad ; outer ridge raised into an olitusely 

 triangular cusp, much lower than p"'' ; inner ridge forming a low 

 cusp opposite the outer cusp; the inner bases of the cusps so 

 closely approximated as to form a narrow, more or less complete 

 bridge across the median groove, m' similar in structure to p^, 

 but outer and inner ridge lower, more flatly rounded ; no indica- 

 tion of a transverse bridge, m^ small, subcircular in outline, equal 

 to about one sixth of m\ 



Lower incisors similar in form and size to upper ones, in contact 

 with each other and with canines, or separated by minute spaces ; 

 row slightly convex ; cutting-edges blunt, without any trace 

 of a median emarsination. All postcanine teeth more or less 

 separated. Pj small, from twice to four times the bulk of a lower 

 incisor, but not reaching above level of cutting-edges of incisors ; 

 as a rule situated nearer to the canine than to p^. Principal cusp 

 of Pg (formed by the anteriorly completely fused cusps 2 and 4) 

 about two thirds the height of the canine, acutely triangular, 

 shar])ly pointed : posterior face of crown marked by a vertical 

 groove (the remnant of the original longitudinal groove), p^ rather 

 longer than broad; outer ridge raised into an obtusely triangular 

 cusp, lower than p^ ; the opposite cusp on the inner ridge much 

 lower, bluntly rounded ; anteriorly the outer and inner ridges are 

 closely approximated, in some individuals completely fused (as 

 in p ). m^ long, with rare individual exceptions equalling or 

 exceeding the combined length of m., and m^ ; ridges lower than in 

 y> , more flatl" convex ; sometimes a slight indication of a transverse 

 liridge from the inner base of the outer cusp, m^ similar in 

 structui-e to m,, but less than half the size of this tooth, m^ very 

 small, subcircular in outline, equal to (or smaller than) Pj. 



PaJateridfjes. — In E.helvvm: 4-f3-H3, i.e. four anterior, un- 

 divided, three middle, separated in the median line, three posterior. 



