rrmiopus. 81 



region. All the fonus einiuu'rated above ^•■/'/. I'diiijn/rn.'! " pcrlKips 

 excepted) are peculiar to this proviucu'. The largelj' predoiiiiiiant 

 type is the Pt. mflanoUis groui» ; it is' entirely confined to this 

 narrow chain of islands, but ratiier closely related to the Malagasy 

 Pt. rufus group. The Indo- and Austro-Malayan Pi. hi//>omd<imts 

 group has developed peculiar forms in the Andainans (Pt. natjirus), 

 Nicobars {Pt. fauiudus), and Eiigano {Pt, hijpomdanus eiKjanus). 

 The representatives of the Pi. vmnpi/rus type occurring iu the 

 Andamans and Xicobars are as yet imperfectly known. 



(6) Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, liali, Borneo (with 

 Natuna and Tambelan Is,), Philippines. — G species, of four groups, 

 viz.: — {\) Pt. vampiifiis; (2) Pt. hypomdanus, .yjeciosns, 'niinins ; 

 (3) Pt. aterrimns ; (4) Pt. leucopterus. — Although vastly larger than 

 the Andaman-Nicobar chain, this province is considerably poorer 

 in species. The most characteristic type is decidedly P/. vamjvfrus. 

 The range of this species almost exactly covers the ludo-Malayan 

 subregioti, only in the extreme south-east it extends beyond the 

 limits of this zoogeographical area, to Lombok, 8avu, and Timor ; 

 but it has very close relatives in continental S. Asia. Within the 

 borders of the present province Pt. vampyms is ditferentiatcd into 

 five races, one confined to the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra 

 {mahiccmsis), a second to Java {vnmpyrus)., a third to Bali (plutoti, 

 extending also to Lombok), a fourth to Borneo and the Natuna 

 Islands {nniimc), and a fifth to the Philippines {htiwiisis). Por 

 reasons given eise\vhcre it appears probable that Pt.Jiypoindanus is 

 of Austro-Malayan origin ; in the present province it has developed 

 five very clojely interrelated races ; of the two other species of the 

 hypomehtnus type, one {Pt. speeiosus) appears to be confined to the 

 province, while the other {Pt. mimus)is common to the Philippines 

 and Celebes. Pt. ati'rrimus (Bawean Island, Java Sea) is the only 

 representative of the Austro-Malayan and Australian Pf. ahcto 

 group. A connection between the Philippine and Microiiesian 

 Pleropns faunas is established by the occurrence in the former 

 group of islands of a re])resentative of the Pt. pseJaphon group 

 (otherwise exclusive!}' Mieronesinn), viz. Pt. Jeucoptcrns (compare 

 the spreading of the hypomehinus group to Formosa and the Liu- 

 kiu Islands). 



IV. Amtro-Mulnya. — 35 species (38 forms), representing twelve 

 groups of the genus, viz. : — (1) Pt. hypamelaiuis, (tdmir(tlitataiii, 

 colomis, solo))ioais, mirntiK, (jriseus, jxillidus ; {2) Pi. floLs-otii, 

 canicrps, aryentntus ; (3) Pt. melduo/Kiyou, Jceyensis, aruensi!^; (4) 

 Pt. coynatiis, r<iyneri, rulnanns, hiveUanvs, yrfnttlif!, cJtnf.iojtnjctus ; 

 (.j) Pt. lomhoeensis, soUtai-iHs ; (6) Pt. temminckl, ca pi strut us. perso- 

 iinlus : (7) Pt.vampynts; {H) /'Ldlncto, niorio ; (d) Pt. fhryfidiu-hfn, 

 ro)i.<tpiclllatus, ociddris ; {\0) Pt. papwanin, neoluhemicus \ (11) Pt. 

 mitcroth. epxldrim; (12) Pt. woodfonli ( I't. saijitilKtu.t ^roii]}). 



No faunistic area can comjjare with Austro-Malaya in the 

 wealth and multifariousness of its Ptempus population. The con- 

 trast between the Indo-Malayan and .\ustro-Miilayan faunas is as 



u 



