86 riEEopus. 



New Guinea.— -P/. hypomelanus luteiis, chri/sauchen (N.W.), coiispicillatin 

 (S.E.), papuanus, eptdarkis. 



Conflict, Trobi-iand, Woodlark, Kirhvina, Alcester Islamls.— T^, hypome- 

 lanus Intens. conspieillafns, poliocephalus. 



Admiralty Islands. — Pt. admirali/atiim. 



Ei.»niai-ek Archipelago. — P^ neohiheriiicus, cnphtratns. 



Solomon Islands.— Bougainville, Shoi-tland : Ft. cul.oin's, grundis. Vella 

 Lavella: Pt. lavellanus. Gliizo. Eubiana, New Georgia: Pt. solomoim, 

 rubianiis, luoudfordi. Guadalcanal': Pi. reii/iie>-i, icoodfurdi. San 

 Christoval : Pi. coynatug. 



5. Australia. 



N. and E. Australia.— P/. brniincuf, gouldi, cvinipirilMii^, poliocephalii^, 

 scapulaiiis. 



6. rohjnesia. 



Benin and A'olcano Islands. — Pt. psdaphon. 



Mariannes. — Pt. marianiius, ? fiibcrfiiliifus. 



Pelew Islands. — P/. pcleweiisU, pilosus. 



Carolines.— Yap, Mackenzie: Pt. yapeiisiK Ruck A(oH: Pt. inmlaris. 



Murtlock: Pt. nolossiiius, phaoccpliaius. Ponapc : Pt. molossiinus. 



Ualan (Kusliai): Pt. i/alaiius. 

 Sta. Cruz Islands (Vanikoro).— P/. vaiiil-orcntif, ? tnJicrailattis. 

 New Caledonia.— P/. ornatiix, geddiei. {Cf. note on iV. retulns, infra p. 155.) 

 Loyaltj- I.^lands. — Pt. aurutu^. 

 New Hebrides {\^w\iewm).—Pf. geddiei, anctiauits. 

 Vijis. — Pt. tonganus, nawaicnsis. 

 Tongas. — Pt. tone/amis. 

 Sanioas. — Vt. tcmgunun, ganwendg. 



Chronohgicnl list of species and szihsj^ecies. 



1605-1751. — The earliest known forms of Pteropus are the largest of the 

 two species inhabiting Mauritius and Reunion {Pt. niger), the single Malagasy 

 species {Pt. riifiis), the single Indian {Pi. gigaittnis), and the largest liido- 

 Malavan species {Pt. vampynis). Pt. niger was described and figured by 

 Clusius, in 1605, under the name Ves^pertUio ingens (Esot. libri decern, p. 94). 

 Next in chronological order comes, apparently, Flacourt's ' Fany ' (Hist. 

 Madag. p. 166, 1658), which is the Malagasy Pt. riifus ; Edwards's description 

 and fio-ure of the ' Great Bat from Madagascar " (Nat. Hist. Birds, pt. ir. 

 pi. 180), usually referred to as the earliest record of this species, is nearly a 

 century later ( 1751). The Indian species {Pt.giganteus) was briefly mentioned 

 bv the Swedish traveller Nils Matson (Koping) in his once ianious ' Reesa 

 genom Asia,' 1667 ("Mycket stoora Nattblackor," p. 132), and soon found its 

 wav to the European Curiosity Cabinets (Olearius, Goltorff. Kunst-Kanim. 

 p. "24, pi. XV. fig. 1, 1674,' Vespcrtilio Indira'; JacobiEus, Mus. Reg. p. 12, 

 1699. ' I'eipei-tiliones duo Indici'). Seba's Canis volans Tenmtcmus Orientalis, 

 1734 (Thesaiir. i. pp. 91-92, pi. Ivii. figs. 1,2), is the large ludo-Malayan 

 Pt. vampi/rns: the original of his fig. 2 is now in the collection of the British 

 Museum. To these early records may perhaps be added Camel's ' Cabug vet 

 Panicqui,' 1708, from the Philippines (Phil. Trans, xxv. p. 2198), which is 

 not determinable with certainly, but must be either Pt. vampynis or Acerodon 

 Juhatiis. 



Brisson, Dauhenfan, Biiffon. — Two speries were known to Bri.sson, in 1756 

 (Regn. Anim., based chiefly on the collections in the Cabinet Reaumur), from 

 personal examination, both of them from the Mascarenes, viz. Pt. rufus aut 

 niaer, 'La Rousselte,' which is Pt. niger, and Pt. f metis, anriciilis hrevibus 

 acutiu!:ciilis, coJto .viperiore rvhro, the ' Roussette a col rouge,' which is Pt. sub- 

 niqtr (h\s third species of " Pteropus." Pt. rnirirutis patitli^. is a Phyllostorae 

 Bat, Vninpyrma speririim). Daubeuton's 'Chien-volaut,' 1759 (Mem. Acad. 



