K. Sci. Pai'is, p. 384), is PL iiiger, his ' Eoiisseltp' probiiblj either ihe same 

 species or I'i. »iif»iif/er. Buif'oii, 176o and 1771) (Hist. Nat. x. pis. xiv. and 

 xrii., and Siippl. iii.), gives fisures and detailed descriptions of tho 'Koussette ' 

 [PL 11 iqcr^ and 'Hou^eUe' [Pt. si/biiiqcr], together with an excellent account 

 of the habits of tlie former species based on letters from de la Niix, wlio for 

 more than M years was a resident of Keiinioii. 



Linne. — Seba's Cam's vulaiis TeiiutLaiius OrientaJis was bj Liune, in the 

 second (1740) and seventh (1748) editions of tiie ' Systenia Naturte,' referred 

 to as Vespertitio cauda nulla; in the tenth edition (1758) it was named 

 Vesper/ilio vampi/ru^. in reference to its alleged blood-sucking habits. Tech- 

 nically, the name PL vampi/riis must therefore stand for the large Tndo- 

 Malayan specie.*, but other synonyms given by Linne are evidence that it was 

 intended to cover any then known form of Fruit-bat (formally with the 

 exclusion of PL siihiiif/er, inasmuch as Linne ignored Brisson's writings). 



1782. — The Indian species described and named, Vapertilio gigantea, 

 Briinnich. — Number of technically named forms now 2. 



1792. — Mostof the early post-Linneiiu compilers recognized three '"' varieties " 

 of P/cropiis (or Vcspertilh) vampyrui : a large [ = Pt. iiiycr + vampi/rus + rufus, 

 or two, or one of these speci;s], a small \_ = PL subnigo-], and a straw-yellow 

 [=Eidolun helvinn]. Kerr (1792) was the first to propose technical names for 

 these " varieties," viz. J'esp. vampyrus iiigsr, siibniger, and heloits. — Number of 

 named forms, 4. 



1797. — Ve^ertilio caniinis, Blumenbach [^J^'. vnmpi/rtin, L., 1758]. 

 1802. — Spectrum ruhidum, Daudin [=Pt. suhniger, 1792]. 

 1803.— E. Geoffroy's Cat. Mamm. Mus. Nation. d'Hist. Nat. (subseqnently 

 suppressed by the author); descriptions of PLJ'uscu.s [= vigcr. 1792j, rufiis 

 [earliest name of the Malagasy species], and ruber [= fubuk/er. 1792]. — Pt. 

 fuscus, Desmarest, nee Geoffroy [the name 'Juscus' evidently an abbreviation 

 of Brisson's diagnosis of the ' Eoussette a. col rouge,' see above; =^PL sub- 

 iiiger^. — Named forms, .5. 



18t}4. — Hermann's Obs. Zool. ; Ve^p. cdano [ = Pt. vaiupgrus ram/n/rus, 

 1758], iiudus [indeterminable, perhaps a young Ptcr('pus~\, and muuritiaium 

 \^=niger, 1792]. 



1808. — PL rufus, Tiedemann, nee Geoffroy [the name ' 7-ufus ' an abbrevia- 

 tion of Brisson's diagnosis of ' La Eoussette,' see above ; =PL iiiger. 1792]. 



1810. — E. Geoffroy's classical paper in Ann. Mus. d'Hist. Nat. xv. ; five 

 forms described, two of which were new : PL edulis [yampyrus edidU]. from 

 Timor, edwnrdsi [ = n(fus, 1803], vulgaris [=uigcr, 1792], rubricollis [ — sub- 

 niger, 1792], and qriscus, from Timor. — Named forms, 7. 



1814, 1815, 181(j.— 7V. torquatus, G. Fischer [=suh),iger, 1792]. Pt. cdlaris, 

 Illiger \^ = siilmigerl^. PL madaqascariensis, Oken [ = /-z//'«,s, 1803]. 



1820, 1822. — Desmarest's Mammalogie ; I'L junr/iicus [^vamjjyrus vofti- 

 pyrus, 1758], mariaiiinis (Guam, Mariannes). — Named forms, 8. 



1824. —Voyage of the ' Uranie'; Pt, keraudren, Quoy & Gaimard [ = inari- 

 aiiniis, 1822]. 



182.5. — Teniminck's Alonographies de Mammalogie, vol. i. ; six supposed 

 new forms, four of wjiich were really undescribed: Pi. nieditis [—giganfeus, 

 1782], phaivps [ = rufus, 1803], policcephalus (Rrst Australian species known), 

 dasymallus ("Japan," really Liu-kiu Islands), pallidus (Uanda Islands), and 

 personatus (Ternate). — Named forms, 12. 



1828, 1829. — Pi. du.^i(mieri, Is. Geoff, [indeterminable, externally like 

 PL vanikorcusisl. Pt. pscla2}hon, Tradescant Lay, from the Bonin Islands. — 

 Named forms, 13. 



IS^X — Voyage of the 'Astrolabe'; Quoy & Gaimard: Pt. vaiiikurciisis, 

 Vanikoro, and toiigaiius, Tonga Tabu. — Named forms, 1.5. 



1835.— Hodgson : Pt. leucocejthatus, Nepal [gigaiiteits kucocrphalus]. — 

 Named forms, 16. 



1837. — Tlie second volume of Tennninck's Men. Mamm. : Pt. fuiiereux 

 [—rampi/rus edulis, 1810], chrysopructus, Amboiua, and aleclo. Celebes. — 

 Named forms. IS. 



1839.— iV. (issa>iicusif, McClelland [—gigaiiicus leucoccplmlus, 1835]. 



