PTEROPUS HYPOMELANTS. 101 



1 . Pteropus hypomelanus, Temm. 



Pteropns hi/pomclaiius (pt.), Dobson, Cat. Cliir. B. M. p. 57. 



(.Synonyms under the subspecies.) 



DIaijnosis, — Skull typical Ptcnipine. Posterior ledge of p\ |)', 

 and p, short, but distinctly marked off from tooth. Ears moderate, 

 broad, exposed, tip rounded off. Tibia naked above. Fur of back 

 short, adpressod. Pack varying from seal-brown to Proufs brown 

 or mars-brown, often conspicuously and sometimes excessively 

 sprinkled with silvery greyish-white ; mantle and underparts 

 varying from pale buffy, through various darker shades, to chestnut 

 or seai-brown. Size below medium: forearm 121-14.5-0 mm. 

 Jfah. Indo- and Austro-ifalayan Archipelagos, west to Siam and 

 Mergui Archipelago. 



Skull (tig. G, on p. 02). — Typical Pteropine. Deflection of brain- 

 caso moderate, alveolar line if projected posteriorly passing through 

 middle or upper half of occipital condyles. Itostrura long, rather 

 lf)w and slender, somewhat compressed laterally ; distance from tip 

 of postorhital process to gnathiou larger than distance from former 

 jioint to lambda. Orbits rather large, diameter greater than width 

 of rostrum across alveolar borders of p'-p' ; front of orbit vertically 

 above some point of front half of m'. Postorbital processes long, 

 curved, strong, in aged individuals separated by narrow space from, 

 but rarely quite reaching, corresponding processes on zygoma; base 

 of postorbital processes raised distinctly above level of frontal 

 jtlateau, making this latter between orbits somewhat concave. 

 Sagittal crest well developed. Coronoid moderate, somewhat 

 sloping; coronoid height of mandible less than c-m.^ ; condyle 

 considerably above level of alveolar line of mandible. 



Teeth (fig. 6, on p. Q'l). — Xo special modifications. Ujjper canines 

 distinctly recurved ; cingulum moderate, forming a well defined but 

 rather narrow rim at inner and posterior l)ase of tooth, p^ minute, 

 terete, early deciduous. Posterior liasal ledge of p^ short, separated 

 postero-extcrnally by distinct notch from base of outer main 

 cusp ; ledge of p' generally less distinctly marked off from tooth, 

 m' simple, m" generally slightly larger than, sometimes equal to, 

 p,. — i^ twice or twice and a half the bulk of i,. Lower canines 

 recurved, cingulum moderate, p, once and a half or twice the size 

 of i... Posterior ledge of p^ short, though generally distinctly 

 sei)arated from tooth postero-exteriially ; in p, still shorter and 

 postero-external notch rather often obsolescent, mj and m., simple, 

 in^ equal to or smaller than j),. 



Paliite-nd;/e<i (tig. U, on p. 71).— 5-|-5-|-3, but occasionally with 

 some trace of an additional ridge between the normal ninth and tenth 

 (compare I'f. auratut). First ridge terminating laterally at front of 

 canines ; second at back of canines ; third at front of p' ; fourth 

 at back of j)' ; fifth at (middle of) p' ; sixth at front of m' ; 

 seventh at back of ra' : eighth at m" ; ninth and tenth behind m" ; 

 eleventh to thirteenth situated at palution border. 



