PTEROPDS nTroMELAXr?:. 103 



pale sprinkling is thin or absent; in the Philippine race (caiiajianus) 

 it is usually more conspicuous, though not changing, to any large 

 degree, the general dark impression of the colour of the back ; in 

 the Mergui Archipelago and Engano forms (i/eminorum, enjanns) 

 it is usually so strong as to change the general effect of the colour 

 to a grizzled silvery greyish and blackish (brownish); and in the 

 races inhabiting the S. China 8ea Islands {cantis, le/ndi's) it is so 

 excessive as to make the colour of the back and rump appear 

 silverj- greyish-white more or less sprinkled with blackish. The 

 difference in the colour of the back between geographically widely 

 separated races (luteus contrasted with rjfeminoruni, Ivj pomeJanus 

 with cannif, &c.) is verv great, but, all races taken together, there 

 is a perfect intergradation from the one to the other. The 

 imlividaal variation in the amount of greyish admixture, within 

 the same geographical race, is so considerable that in any race 

 specimens occur which are indistinguishable from the average of 

 neighbouring eastern or western races : in Pt. h. lomesi (Borneo) 

 the dark colour of the back is generally moderately sprinkled with 

 greyish ; but some specimens are as grey-backed as camts and 

 lepidus, while, on the other hand, some individuals of c/avus and 

 lepidus are not greyer-backed than pale-col-oured specimens of 

 geminomm and engaims. — The general colour of the bade and 

 rump is often further modified by a more or less pronounced 

 suffusion with mars-brown, russet or buft'y ; in some individuals 

 this suffusion is confined to the rutnp and sides of the back, in 

 others extending over the whole of the back and rump. It occurs 

 sporadically in all races, though apparently more often in the 

 western thaTi in the eastern. 



(6) Breast, belly, and fl«,nks :— In the palest -bellied race, 

 Pt. h. htieus (New (luinea), the whole of the underparts, except 

 throat and flanks, are cream -buff, buff, or ochraceous-buff. Passing 

 from New Guinea westward there is a very gradual decrease in the 

 pale-coloured area of the underparts combined with a darkening of 

 the colour itself. In hif pomdanus (Gilolo grotip) and iiiacassaricus 

 (Celebes, iSanghir) the colour of the breast and btelly is deeper in 

 tinge, and the dark colour of the flanks shows a tendency to spread 

 fco the anal region, hinder belly, and sides of belly and breast. 

 In carjaijamis (Philippines), tomesi (Borneo), annectt'its (S. Natunas), 

 lepidus (Tambelan Is.), canus (N. Natunas), and condoremis 

 (P. Condor, Cochinchina), the bright coloUr has generally darkened 

 to golden ochraceous^ cinnamon-rufous, or chestnut, and become 

 restricted to the breast and front of the belly, or the breast only, 

 or the centre of the breast. Finally, in tjemimrum (Mergui Archi- 

 pelago) and eur/C.nus the underparts are wholly dark-coloured, 

 sometimes with, but more often without, somD trace of bright 

 colour on the centre of the breast. 



(c) The colour of the mantle and head shows the same gradual 

 darkening from the eastern to the western races. Generally 

 speaking, the mantle and head are similar, or nearly similar, in 

 tinge to the bright colour of the breast and belly. In the eastern 



