]90 PTKROPrS CAXTCEl'S. 



palc-coloured hairs of back, rump, and uuderparts more similar in 

 tinge to those of the tj'pe of the species. 



(2) Mars-brown phase: d a<i- skin, teeth almost unworn, 

 Batchian, type of Pt. macUoti var. latcJiiana, Gray (00.1.10.2). — 

 Back and rump uniform dark mars-brown without any appreciable 

 admixture of pale hairs. Breast, belly, and flanks uniform russet 

 mars-brown, with a few silvery white hairs. Head, mantle, sides 

 of neck, and foreneck as in the grizzled phase. 



Sexual differentiation. — Canines conspicuously longer and heavier 

 in males than in females. Measurements taken on one male and 

 two females : upper canines, vertical extent from alveolar border 

 11 mm. (male) and 9 (females), antero-posterior basal diameter 

 4-8 (male) and 3*7-3-8 (females); lower canines, vertical extent 

 9*5 (male) and approximately 6-5 -7-5 (females, tips slightly worn), 

 antero-posterior basal diameter 3"8 (male) and 3 (females). 

 ' Measurements. On pp. 198, 199, 



: ' Specimens examined. Sixteen, in the collections of the Leyden 

 (oleven, list under synonyms above'), Berlin (one), and British 

 Museums, including the types of the species and of Pt. affinis and 

 J't. macMoti var. hatcliiana, Graj'. 



Bange. Gilolo group : Morotai, Gilolo, Ternate, Batchian ; Sula 

 Islands : Sula Bessi ; Sanghir Islands : Siao. 



^'ype in collection. 



Nomenclature and history in literature. — Chiefly two facts have 

 influenced the history of this species in literature, viz., the unusually 

 great individual variation in the colour of the fur, and the strong 

 external resemblance of the species, even in size and colour of fur, 

 to certain forms of the Acerodon macMoti group. The former fact 

 explains that this species was described by Gray under three 

 different names, the latter its confusion, by Gray and other authors, 

 wath Acerodon mackhti. — The type of Pt. caniceps, Gray (1870), is 

 a young adult female (practically full-grown, forearm 135 mm.) 

 of the grizzled phase, collected in Batchian by Dr. Wallace. The 

 type of P^ affinis, Gray (1870), is a j'oung, not nearly full-grown 

 male (forearm 112 mm.) of the grizzled phase, collected in Gilolo 

 by Wallace, and differing from foregoing only in its much smaller 

 size (entirely due to immaturity) and rather darker colour, owing 

 to a slight predominance of the darker over the paler hairs, espe- 

 cially on the underside of the body. The type of Pt. macldoti 

 var. batchiana, Gray (1870), is an adult male of the mars-brown 

 phaSe, collected in Batchian (type locality of Pt. canicep>s) by 

 Wallace, and externally not unlike the Timor specimen rightly 

 referr(!d by Gray to Pt. macMoti. — By Dobson (1878, Z. s. c.) 

 Pt. caniceps, though catalogued as a distinct species, was considered 

 " probably a hybrid between Pt. hypomelamis and Pt. maclloti " ; 

 Pt. affinis he rightly put down as a synonym of Pt. caniceps, but 

 the type oi Pt. mackloti \a,r. batcJiiana he referred to Pt. mackloti 

 (specimen «). — Matschie considered Pt. mackloti var. batchiana a 

 local form ("Abart") of '^ Pier opus {Acerodon) macMoti," with 

 which he united, with a query, Pt. caniceps, " Dobson " (really 



