202 PTEROrUS RTJFITS. 



28. Pteropus riifus, /?. Geoff. 



Pterojms cdwardsi (pt.), Dobson, Cat. Chir. B. M. p. 53. 



(Synonj'iiis under the subspecies.) 



Diagnosis. — Rostrum of skull lojig. Posterior ledges of p'\ p.,, 

 and p^ distinctly marked otf frooi teeth. Ears long, exposed, 

 attenuated at tip, subacutely pointed. Tibia naked or very thinly 

 haired above. Mantle, crown, and underparts buffy, orange buffy, 

 or yellowish buft'y, strongly contrasting with seal-brownish muzzle, 

 back, and rump. Size above medium : forearm 158-5-170-5 mm. 

 Bah. Madagascar. 



Skull. — Typical Pteropine. Deflection of brain-case moderate, 

 alveolar line if projected backward passing through base of par- 

 occipital processes and upper margin of occipital condyle, llostrum 

 long, slightly compressed ; anterior margin of orbit above front, or 

 some point of front half, of m'. Orbits rather large, diameter 

 greater than width of rostrum across alveolar borders of p'-p' ; 

 postorbital processes long, strong, in aged individuals often sepa- 

 rated by a minute space from corresponding jjrocesscs on zygoma ; 

 base of postorbital processes raised considerably above level of 

 frontal plateau, making this latter between orbits deeply concave. 

 Zygomatic arches flaring posteriorly ; sagittal crest strong or even 

 very strong. Coronoid process rather high, but somewhat sloping ; 

 coronoid height of mandible distinctly less than length of lower 

 tooth-row, c-m.,. 



Teeth. — No special modifications. Upper canines slightly re- 

 curved; cingulum broad, forming a sharply defined shelf at inner 

 and posterior base of tooth, p' a minute terete spicule, early deci- 

 duous. Posterior basal ledge of p^ short, postero-externally raised 

 into a small tubercle separated by distinct notch from base of outer 

 main cusp ; ledge of p' more or less obsolescent, though the postero- 

 external notch is generally detectable; hinder border of p* vertical 

 on longitudinal axis of tooth. m^ subcircular or subsquarish, 

 usually slightly larger than m^ — i,, twice or twice and a half the 

 bulk of ij. Canines recurved, cingulum well developed but narrower 

 than in npper ones. Pj about twice the bulk of i.,. Posterior 

 ledges of p^ and p^ long (longest in Pj), marked off postero- 

 externally by a rather deep notch from base of outer main-cusp, and 

 usually developing a more or less distinct postero-external tubercle; 

 in m^ and m„ the ledge is shorter, but postero-external notch almost 

 always easily detectable, m^ slightly larger than p,. 



FaJate-ridges. — 5-|-6-f3. First ridge terminating laterally at 

 front of canine ; second at back of canine ; third at front of p'^ ; 

 fourth at back of p'' ; fifth at front of p^ ; sixth at front of m^ : 

 seventh at middle of m^ ; eighth at m^; ninth to eleventh behind 

 m- ; twelfth to fourteenth situated at palation border. 



Ears. — Long, exposed, quite or almost reaching hinder corner of 

 eye when laid forward. Inner margin flatly and almost evenly 

 convex from base to tip ; outer margin flatly convex in lower 



