232 rxEROPcs modiglianii. 



with orauge-buff. Sides of neck dark chestnut. Foreneck similar, 

 hilt more or less strongly blotched with blackish. — Occiput similar 

 to mantle (chestnut), shading into a rather brighter tinge (chestnut- 

 russet) on crown. Muzzle and sides of head grizzled blackish and 

 pale drab, in some specimens washed with russet in temporal 

 region. Chin and throat blackish, with or without pale greyish 

 sprinkling. 



Measurements. On pj). 230, 231. 



Specimens examined. Three, in the collections of the U.S. National 

 (two paratypes) and British Museums. 



Range. The island of Nias, off W. Sumatra. 



Type in the U.S. National Museum (no. 141233). 



RemarJcs. — Undoubtedly a Nias representative of Pf. melanotus 

 (Nicobar Islands). In Pt. melanotus a slight sprinkling of the 

 blackish colour of the back, sides of breast and belly, and flanks 

 with pale greyish is detectable ; in Pt. niadicus this admixture of 

 pale colour has become so conspicuous as to change the general 

 colour of the back into, or in the direction of, hair-brown, and that 

 of the flanks and sides of breast and belly into pale drab. In 

 Pt. melanotus the head, as far as back of ears, is usually blackish, 

 but specimens occur in which the bright colour of the mantle 

 extends forward on the crown, even to the front of the eyes; this 

 latter has apparently become a fixed character in Pt. niadicus. The 

 only other appreciable modification is the rather heavier dentition. 



a. S id. sk. ; Lelemboli, Nias; Aug. 1886 Marquis G. Doria 88.12.1.4. 

 skull. {Dr. E. Modigliani). [P.]. 



'- 36, Pteropus modiglianii, Thos. 



Pteropus modiglianii, Thotnaf, Ann. Mux. Civ. Gejiova, (2) siv. 



p. 105 (10 April, 1894 : Kifa-juc, Biia-Biia, Engano) ; Trouessart, 



Cat. Mamm. i. p. 81 (1807 : Engano) ; Miller, Proc. U.S. Nat. 



Mus. XXX. p. 8:23 (1906: Pulo Dua, Engano; habits); id., Fam. 



Si- Gen. Bati, p. 56 footnote, p. o8 (1907). 

 Pteropus nicobaricus a. modiglianii, Matschie, Megachir. p. 17 (1899 : 



Engano) ; Trouessart, Cat. Mamm., Svppl. p. 50 (1904 : Eugano) ; 



Wi'llink, Nat. Tijd. Nederl. Ind. Ixv. p. 275 (1905 : Engano). 



Diagnosis. — Similar to Pt. melanotus, but fur longer, colour 

 practically uniform blackish above and beneath, size smaller. Fore- 

 arm 134"5-141 ram. Hab. Engano. 



Skull and teeth. — General characters of skull as in Pt. melanotiis, 

 but size considerably smaller ; total length 61"5-67 mm., against 

 72-7 5-5 in melanotus; actual size of orbits very nearly as in 

 niadicus and melanotus, relative size therefore (considering smaller 

 dimensions of skull) somewhat larger; diameter of orbit contained 

 4'75-5"0, in niadicus and melanotus 5'4-5'55, times in total length 

 of skull.— Teeth not reduced to the same degree as skull, therefore 

 relatively larger than in the allied species (compare measurements, 

 p. 236) ; structure of teeth quite as in melanotus and niadicus. 



Fi'.r. — I.ouger and more silky than in Pi. melanotus. Directed 

 backward, but not closely adpret^^edj on back, spreading on mantle 



