PTEKOPCS VAMPTKrS MALACCENSIS. 34r 



(1854 : Sumatra) ; Gk-bel, Siiuy. p. 996 (pt.) (1855 : Sumatra) ; 



.^chlegel, Bterkunde, i. p. 53 (pt.) (1857: Sumatra); Fiizinger, 



SB. Ahad. Wien, xlii, p. 389 (1860: Sumatra) ; id., op. cit. Ix. 



Abth. i. p. 407 (pt.) (1870 : Sumatra) : Marchi, Atti Soc. Ital. 



Sc). ISIat. XV. p. 515 (pt.) (1872-73: Sumatra; structure 



of hairs). 

 Ptpropus edulis rrt/-. a (Pteropus funernus), Zelebor, Seise ' Novara,' 



Zuol. i. Smtff. p. 10 (1869 : Sumatra). 

 'N'espertilio vampvrus (7tec L.), Newbold, Madras „imrn. Lit. Sf Set. 



vii. p. 69 (1838: Malay Pen.). 

 Pteropus vanipyrus, f Ihomag, A7in. ^lus. Civ. Genova, (2) xiv. 



p. 664 (1895 : Si Oban, Mentawei) ; 3Iiller, Proc. Wash. Acad. 



Sci. ii. p. 237 (19G0 : Linga Is.) ; Bonhote, P. Z. S. 1900, p. 875 



( Jalor) ; Behn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1902, p. 136 (Batu 



Sangkar, Padang ; Gunong Sugi, Lampong) ; Bonhote, Fasc. 



Mai., Zool. i. p. 14 (1903 : Patani ; Biserat) ; Milkr, Proc. U. S, 



Nat. Mus. xxxi. p. 274 (1906: Linga Is.) ; Bonhote, Journ. Fed. 



Mai. St. Mus. iii. p. 4 (1908: Kuala Tembeling, Pahang R.) ; 



Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxxiv. p. 666 (1908: Pulo Payong, 



Salat Rupat, E. Sumatra). 

 Pteropus vumpirus, Ridley, Natural Science, vi. p. 27 (1895: Malay 



Pen. ; habits). 

 Pteropus fuscus (nee E. Geoff., nee Desm., nee Dobs.), Blainville, 



Ost. Mamm. i. CUiroiit. p. 100, pi. vi. lig. 1 (skull) (1840: 



Sumatra). 

 Pteropus [sp.], Oxley, Jourii. Lnd. Arch. iii. p. 594 (1840 : Singapore ; 



Johore) ; Rosenberg, Malay. Arch. p. 101 (1878 : Sumatra ; 



habits). 

 Pteropus celseuo (pt.. nee Herm.), Matschie. Megachir. p. 15 (1899 : 



Sumatra) ; Trouessnrt, Cat. Mamm., Sirppl. p. 60 (1904 : Malaec;i ; 



Sumatra; Banka) ; Schneider, Zool. Jahrh., Syst. xxiii. pt. i. p. 75 



(1905: Upper Langkat, Lower Langkat, Dt'li,Batu-Bava,lndragiri). 

 Pteropus vampvrus malaccensis, K. A?idersen, Ann. ic Mag. N. H. 



(8) ii. p. 368 (1st Oct. 1908 : Malay Pen. ; Sumatra; Linga Arch. ; 



Banka). 



Diagnosis. — Bright mantle strongly contrasting with dark back. 

 Skull, total length 76-5-86-0 mm. ; forearm 195-209 mm. 

 Bah. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Linga Arch., Bauka. 



Size. — Averaging considerably larger than Pt. v. edulis, natuvce, 

 and lanensis, but smaller than Pt. v. vampyrus and ^jZulon. See 

 measurements, pp. 354, 355. 



Colour. — "Whole series examined, males and females (adult and 

 immature) : — Back blackish or blackish seal-brown, nearly always 

 conspicuously sprinkled with greyish white, or bufFy grey, or 

 cinnamon, or russet. According to the tinge of the paler-coloiired 

 hairs, the general impression of the colour of the back and rump 

 varies from blackish somewhat approaching very dark hair-brown, 

 through blackish broccoli-brown, to blackish more or less thickly 

 mixed with (sometimes partly or completely replaced by) cinnamon 

 or russet. The cinnamon or russet admixture, if present, is 

 generally much more pronounced on rump than on back, and on 

 bides of back than on spinal tract, but sometimes it extends almofjt 



