506 



UTi'SIWXATHUS M0NSTK0STJ8. 



females of Hijps'Kjnathus, males of llypshjnathus. The development 

 of a large air-sac on either side of the rostrum may be peculiar to 

 HypsignaUius, but judging from the shape of the lateral surfaces of 

 the rostrum in male skulls of Epomops buettikofcri and dobsoni, it 

 appears probable that similar, though undoubtedly much smaller, 

 air-sacs are present also in those species. The mandibular sym- 

 pliysis of Epomops dobsoni is (at least in males) broader than in 

 the other species of the same genus, and the lower canines slant 

 distinctly outward : these characters are excessively developed 

 in Bnpsii/nathus ; one of the male skulls examined of Epomops 

 buettikoferi (B.M. 8.7.27.1) is conspicuously asymmetric, the lower 

 canine of the left side closing along the front face of the upper 

 canine, as always in normal skulls of Epomops, that of the right 

 side some distance in front of the upper canine, as in Hypsii/nathus. 

 The splitting of the longitudinal ridges of certain cheek-teeth into 

 more or less distinct cusps is a character developed independently 

 in totally different sections of Megachiroptera, e. g., Flendopex, 

 Dobsouia, I/ypsvjn(ithu,i, Nyctim/'ve (compare also footnote p. 516 on 

 certain dental anomalies in lipomopliorus). Tiie vertebral column 

 of JJyp.tignatha'^ exhil>its a slight increase in the number of thoracic 

 (15, as against 13 in Epomops) and decrease of the lumbar vertebrse 

 (o, as against 4), and the postsacral vertebrae (two :n Epomops) 

 have entirely disappeared. Externally (apart from the modifica- 

 tions of the head) llypsiynatlius difiers chieHy in the absence of 

 shoulder-iiouchcs and tufts.— The affinities of this genus to Epomo- 

 jihortts are much more remote. 



1. Hypsignathus monstrcsus, H. Allen. 

 Epomopliorus nionstrosus, Dobson, Cat. Cbir. E. M. p. 6. 



Hypsignathus monstrosus, //. Allen, Free. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 

 1861 (July), p. 157 ("' W. Africa," i. c. Gaboon) ; Gray, P. '/.. S. 

 ISm, p. 65; IWers, MB. Ak. Z?«-/m, 1867, p. 870 (Calabnr; 

 Gaboon); Gray, Cat. Monk. ^-c. p. 124 (1870: Old Calabar; 

 Gaboon); Trouessart, Itev. i^ Ma(j. Zool. (3) vi. p. 208, n. ^32 

 (1879) ; Robin, Ann. Sci. Nut. (6) Zool. xii. Art. 2, p. 4 & seq., 

 pi. iii. i!?. 7 (1881 : anatomy) : Rochebnme, Faune Sency., Mamm. 

 p. 43 (1883: (iambia) ; Trouessart, Cat. Mamm. i. p.' f^'J, n. 482 

 (1897) ; Cabrera, Mem. !Soc. Esp. II. N. i. Mem. i. pp. 6, 11, 21 

 (1903: Cape S. John, Spanish Guinea); Bates, F. Z. S. I!i05, 

 i. p. 72 (Benito R. ; Bulu country ; habits) ; Miller, Finn. ^- Gen. 

 Baf.%f.67 (1907). 



Bteropus nionstrosus, Sch/eycl, Dierent., Zoo<jd. p. 66 (1872). 



Epomopjiorus nionstrosus, Dobs^on, Cat. Cliir. B. M. p. 6, pi. i. 

 (whole fig. of cJ, muzzle of c^ and 5; two of these figures 

 slightly altered copies from P. Z. S. 1862, pi. i.), pi. ii. fig. 1 

 (palate-ridges) (1878: Gambia; Old Calabar; Gaboon); id., 

 P. Z. 6". 1878, p. 879 (1879 : Ogowe) ; id.. Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1880, 

 p. 170; id., P. Z. 8. 1881, p. 690 (pharviigual sacs); Jentink, 

 Notes Leyd. Mtis. x. p. 49 (1887: Junk 11.; l)u Queah E.; 

 habits ; number of vertebrae) ; ;'(/., Cat. Sy.'it. Mamm. p. 136 

 (1868: Liberia; Gold Coast); BiUtikofcr, Reis''bild. Liberia, i. 

 pp. 261, 320, 343, ii. p. 3(i2, fig. (animal, copy from P. Z. S. 1862, 

 pi. i.), p. 471 (1890: habits); Malschie, Mitth. F>. Schutzyeb. 



