522' EPOMOl'HORUS WAHLBRRGI HALDI'MAXI. 



Colour. — Upperside brownish fawn, somewhat varying in tinge ; 

 in its darkest extreme the general colour approaches fawn Prout's 

 brown, in its palest extreme fawn wood-brown, but the large 

 majority are intermediate (cafe-au-lait) ; colour of upperside some- 

 times practically uniform from crown to interfemoral, sometimes 

 slightly lighter on nape of neck and head ; individual hairs 

 generally uniform from base to tip. Underparts paler than back, 

 generally some tinge of Isabella or drab, more rarely wood-brown, 

 and in any case with a distinct touch of fawn ; never any trace of 

 a light abdominal patch ; foreueck rather often slightly paler than 

 breast and belly, but never forming a well-defined transverse band. 



The variations described above are perfectly individual, a suffici- 

 ently large series from any region showing any " phase," from the 

 darkest to the lightest extreme. The two subspecies are alike in 

 colour, nor is there any colour difference between individuals of 

 the same subspecies from widely separated localities (e. g. E. w. 

 lialdemani from Angola and British East Africa), nor any sexual 

 colour difference. Quite young individuals differ from adults only 

 in the rather duller (less shiny) colour of the upperside. 



Subspecies. — Two, E. xv. haldemani and ivahlbergi. The former 

 is essentially western (Cameroons to Benguela), but extends through 

 the Congo Valley east to British and northern German East Africa, 

 where it meets E. lu. wahlbergi, which ranges fc-om southern British 

 East Africa to eastern Cape Colony. The two subspecies differ 

 apparently only in size, and, as shown in the subjoined comparative 

 table, this difference is much better pronounced in the skull than 

 in the external dimensions, and much better so in males than in 

 females : — 



haldemani. wcihlhergi. haldemani. wahlhergi. 

 Males. Mules'. Females. Females. 



SkiilL total length... 47 -51 52 -55-5 43 -49 45 -50-5 mm. 



Mandible .388-41-5 418-45 34-8-38-.5 37 -41 „ 



c-m', crowns 16 6-18 18 -19-2 15 -17-2 16-.5-18 „ 



m\ length 3 2-3-8 3 7-43 3-2- 38 37- 42 „ 



mi, length 32- 37 3.5- 4-1 3-36 3 5-4 „ 



Forearm 77 -87 81-5-89 72 -81-5 78 -86 „ 



3rd metacarpal .540-61 57-5-(;4-5 50 -59 54 -61 „ 



Tibia 29-5-35 31-5-35 285-32 30 -34 „ 



1 a. Epomophorus wahlbergi haldemani, HallowelJ. 



Pteropus haldemani, Hallowell, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Philad. iii. p. 52*, 

 (1846 1 : W. Africa) ; Rehn, Am. Nat. xxxvi. p. 201 (1902 : type 

 re-examined). 



Pteropus [Pachvsoraa] haldemani, Wagner, Schreher's Saug., Siq^pl. 

 V. p. 009 (1853-55). 



* Name of the author misprinted Hajowell. 

 t See footnote, p. 526. 



