BPOJIOl'KOliUS GAilBIAXCS. 539 



Pteropiis niegacephalus, Stvuimon, yaf. Hist. ^- Class, (luadr. 



(Lard/ier's Ci/clop.), pp. 91, 92, fig-. 31 (head), p. 30G, lig. 104 



(front view of duniition) (1835: Gambia). 

 I'teiopiis eponiopluiius, Bennett, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 149 (12 Feb. 1836 : 



Gambia) ; Waipter, S(hrebfr\^ Sciu(/., Svppl. i. ]i. 307 (1839). 

 I'teropiis whitei, Bennett, Trans. Z. S. ii. pt. i. p. 37, pi. vi. (animal), 



pi. vii. (structure of bails) (183(!: Gambia): Waterhmse, Cat. 



Mamm. Mvs. Zool. Soc, 2 ed. p. J."), n. 109 (1838 : type); Tem- 



minvk, Moa. j\Ja»iiii.'n. p. 360 ( 1841) ; liiijipell, Midi. iSenck. Abli. 



iii. H. ii. p. 154, specimen.s II. A. 8 a, b (184:^: Senuaar) ; 



Gervals, Hist. Kut. Mamm. i. p. 190 (1854) ; Hartmann, Zeitschr. 



O'es. Erdk. Berlin, iii. p. 40 (pt.) (18('8). 

 Epomophoriis wliitei, Grai/, Mag. Zovl. ^- Bot. ii. p. 504 (18?8) ; id., 



List' Mamm. B.M. p. 38 (1843: Gambia); id.. Voy.' Sulphur,' 



Zuol. i. p. 29 (1844) ; Tomes. F. Z. S. 1860, p. 51 (measurements 



of type) ; Grau, B. Z. <S'. 186(5, p. 65 ; Fitzinyer, SB. Ale. Wien, 



Ix. Abth. i. p. (:04 (1870). 

 I'aolnsoma whitei, Temminck, Esq. Zool. p. G5 (1853). 

 Pteropus [Pachvsoma] whitei, Wagner, Schreber's Siiug., Svjjpl. v. 



p. G07 (1853-55). 

 Epomophorus guireensis, Bocar/e, J. Sci. Lisboa, (2) v. p. 136, fig. 3 



(palaie-iidges) (1898 : Bolama^ ; Seabra, t. c. p. 165 (1898)." 

 Epomo])horiis maorocephalus a. guineensis, Trovessart, Cat. Mamm., 



Stij^jl. p. 55 (1904). 

 Epomophorus zechi, Maischie, Meyachir. p. 40, pi. x. figs. 3 a-c 



(sliull) (1899: Gold Coast; Togo; Lago,s) ; Troiussart, Cat. 



Mamm., Sitppl. p. 56, n. 510 (1904). 



7Jw/»to.«s.— iSimilar to 7'7. cri/pturvs. but larger and with rela- 

 tively longer rostrum and pal.ite. iSkull, total le.'.-gth o9*5-G2 

 (males) and 52-55 (females), mandible 47*7 -50-2 (males) and 40-8- 

 44-5 (females), c-ra' 20'8-23-y (males) and 18-20 (females), forearm 

 87-0;j (males) and 81-86-5 (females). Hub. From Senegal and 

 Gambia, east through Sierra Leone, Gold Coast, Togo and Nigeria, 

 to Senniiar and South Aby.ssinia (Omo R.) 



Description. — Skull (fig. 'Mi, p. 515) considerably longer than 

 that of E. crypturus, owing chietly to a lengthening of the rostrum 

 and palate, ilale skulls show an increase in the length of the 

 l)ostpalatal porlioii (j]alation to basion), as compared with male skulls 

 of crij'pturus, of only about (i per cent., female skulls about 4 per 

 eeid., whereas the increase in the length of the palate (incisive 

 foramina to palation) is about 20 percent, in males. 16 in females. 

 Owing to the disproportionately long rostrum and palate, the 

 median palatal length is in males 21 to 2^, in females 2\ to 2\ the 

 breadth across the external surfaces of m^-m^ ; the postdental 

 palate more than (males) or subequal to (females) same breadth ; 

 the length of the rostrum, from front of orbit to tip of nasals, much 

 more than c~m' ; the front of the orbit in both sexes considerably 

 behind m' ; and the zj-gomatic breadth considerably less than half 

 the total length of the skull. Palate-ridges (lig. 37 D, p. 516) 

 essentially as in cryptxirMS ; four interdental, two postdental 

 ridges ; fourth ridge at level of fronts of m'-m', fiflh (anterior post- 

 dental) considerably behind a line connecting posterior edges of 

 m'-m\ sixth rather behind than at middle of postdental palate. 



