60# CYXOPXKRUS srUINX TITTII.'I'X'HIOILUS. 



Cynoptcnis marginatus («ec E. Geoff.), Oruif, List Mainm. B. M. 

 p. 38, specimens d (" India "), e (Java) (1843) ; id., Zool. ' Sama- 

 rangl Vert. p. 12 (pt.) (1849: Java; Sumatra); Gerrarcl, Cat. 

 Bones Mamm. B. M. p. 58, skeletons a, b (1862) ; ? Krefft, Cat. 

 Mamm. Austr. Mus. p. 5 (1864 : Java) ; Feters, MB. Ak. Berlin, 

 1867, p. 866 (pt.) ; Zelehr, Reise ' IS'ovara; Snug. p. 13 (pt.) 

 (1869 : Java) ; Dobson, Cat. Chir. B. M. p. 81, specimens f, t' 

 (1878 : " India " ; Sumatra) ; Tromssart, Rev. Sr Mag. Zool. (3) 

 vi. p. 207, n. 321 (pt.) (1879); Jentinh, Cat. Ost. Mamm. p. 264 

 (pt.) (1887 : Buitenzorg- ; Sumatra) ; id., Cat. Si/st. Mamm. 

 p. 1.53 (pt.) (1888: "Ceylon," errore; "Java"; Tjikao, Java; 

 Silago, Sumatra) ; id., Weber's Zool. Erg. Nied. Ost-Ind. i. 

 p. 126 (pt.) (1890: Buitenzorg) ; id.. Notes Lei/d. Mus. xiii. 

 p. 203 (1891 : Buitenzorg) ; Trouessart, Cat. Mamm. i. p. 85, 

 n. 456 (pt.) (1897). 



Pteropus [Pachysoma] marginatus, Wagner, Schrebe)-'s Sduq., Suppl. 

 V. p. 609 (pt.j (1853-55). 



Cynopterus marginatus var. brevicaudatus (pt.), Grai/, Cat. Monk, 

 ^c. p. 122 (1870 : ? Java). 



Cynopterus sclierzeri (pt., nee Zelebor), Blanford, Faun. B. Ltd., 

 Mamm. p. 264 (1891 : Timor). 



Differential characters. — Tho largest form of the species ; see 

 table, p. ODD. The only forms of CgnoiJterus s. str. (excluding 

 ^'- Niadins") which approach or equal this species in external 

 dimecsions are C. sphinx gange.ticus (N.W. India) and C. major 

 (Nias). Its differences from the former have been pointed out 

 above. From the latter it is at once distinguishable by its larger 

 and heavier skull, longer ears, and longer tibia (see table p. 629). 



Colour. — Essentially as in dark-coloured specimens of C. s. 

 sphinx. Eight male skins, fully adult, July, August, October, 

 November, December ; Batavia, Buitenzorg, Sukabumi, and Tjila- 

 tjap (9.1.5.99, 100, 104, 105, 107, 108, 111, 114) :— Back some 

 shade of olive or bistre, always to a greater or less degree suffused 

 with raw-umber, the latter tinge in some specimens absolutely pre- 

 dominant, almost to the exclusion of the olive or bistre element ; 

 rump and hairs of interfemoral often conspicuously paler than centre 

 of back. Head similar to centre of back or darker. Sides of neck, 

 foreneck, and sides of breast varying from nearly typical russet 

 (a little richer than Ridgway's pattern) through several deeper 

 tinges to russet-chestnut, in any case contrasting with dull colour 

 of centre of breast and belly ; the lighter (russet) tinges generally 

 iound in specimens with predominance of raw-umber on back, the 

 darker tinges in those with predominance of olive or bistre element 

 on back. Centre of breast and belly approximately hair-brown, 

 very often slightly washed with pale tawny-olive or pale raw- 

 umber. Ears narrowly edged with white; metacarpals and 

 phalanges of long digits generally browuish, sometimes more or 

 less suffused with brownish white. — So far as the series goes the 

 variations are independent of the season. 



Five female skins, fuUv adult, July, November, December ; 

 Batavia and Tjilatjap (9.1.5.102, 115, 116, 117, 119) :— As a rule 

 easily distinguished from males by the much paler colour of the 



