724 JLVCROGLOS.SIX.]'.. 



and slender (longitudinal axis several times lunger tluin transverse 

 diameter), sharply pointed, semi-rigid filiform pajnUce {fi.) ; tlie 

 fringes arc reduced to a few near the tip of the papilla (G). A 

 similar modification has taken place on the lateral area of the base 

 of the tongue, only the filiform papillfe are here considerably longer 

 than at the tip of the tongue, more compressed from side to side, 

 softer, less acutely pointed, and the fringes liavo entirely dis- 

 appeared. — On the dorsal surface of the posterior half of the 

 tongue the papilUe exhibit another modification, the foUaceous 

 form (/o.); the conical papillse have become gradually more 

 flattened (leaf-like, foliaceous), the fringes along their upper 

 (posterior) and lateral borders longer and coarser and at the 

 same time somewhat fewer in number (D). — Passing from the 

 dorsal surface of the posterior half of the tongue to the median 

 area of its anterior half, the foliaceous piipillffi become gradually 

 larger and much more rigid, the "fringes" are reduced to three 

 (in the periphery of the area sometimes two) and transformed into 

 horny, ])osteriorly directed spines (£"); this median area of tri- 

 deiitate papilhe {t.}, which iu Ft. pselaphon is about 15 mm. long 

 and '6 mm. broad, forms a powerful rasp, used, probably,* partly to 

 penetrate the skin of soft fruits, partly for cleaning the fur and 

 membranes. 



It will be noticed from the above that the four types of tactual 

 papillte arc nnt sharply separated from each other, the relatively 

 simple " conical " papillas being gradually transformed on the one 

 hand into the tiliform, on the other into the foliaceous, and this 

 again into the tiidentato — as expressed in tlio subjoined diagram : 



Tridentate papillaj 



Filiform papilla' Foliaceous jtapillas 



'/"^i"^ (Conical papilla) 



(II) Gustatory papilke. — Always present iu two forms, the/u/tt/i- 

 form and civcumvalhtte jja^jillce. The former (not represented in the 

 "fio-ures) are to the naked eye somewhat similar in general appear- 

 ance to the conical papilla), but more erect (less retroclivons), more 

 truncated above, and no doubt in the fresh tongue different in 

 colour (in alcoholic specimens paler, more milky in tinge than the 

 conical papilla;). In Pieropus they are few in number, thinly 

 scattered among the tactual papillfe on the dorsum and sides of the 

 posterior half of the tongue. The three eircumvallate papillae {ci.) 

 are situated at the base of the tongue, arranged in an equilateral 

 triangle, two iu front, one behind. 



It is beyond the scope of this Catalogue to enter into a detailed 

 dcsiripfion of the variations in the occurrence and arrangement of 



