4. LABRAX. 63 



2. Paralabrax clathratus. 



Labi-ax clathratus, Girard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1854, p. 143. 

 Paralabrax clathratus, Girard, I. c. 1856, p. 131. 



D. 9|i-. A. 4. 



I 13 7 



Total length not quite fonr times the height of the body ; lateral 

 line ? ; foiu'th dorsal spine longest. Back purplish ; back and sides 

 covered 'ndth darker blotches ; second dorsal spotted ; a dark temple - 

 .streak. 



San Diego (California). 



4. LABRAX*. 



Labrax, Cui\ Regne Anim. ; Cuv. 4" l^aL ii. p. 55. 



Seven branchiostegals ; pseudobranchite developed. All the teeth 

 viUifoiin, without canines ; teeth on the palatine bones and on the 

 tongue. Two dorsals, the first ■with nine spines ; anal fin generally 

 with thi'ee. Operculum spiniferous ; praeoperculiim serrated, and 

 with denticiilations at the lower Hmb; praeorbital entire. Scales 

 rather small or moderate. Number of pyloric appendages few 



Shores of the Arctic Regions ; Rivers of North America. 



1. Labrax lupus. 



An^pa|, Aristot. i. cap. 5, iv. cap. 11, v. cap. 10, vi. cap. 13, 19, viii. 



cap. 19, and De Part Anim. iv. cap. 8, viii. cap. 2, 30 ; Mhan, i. 



cap. 30, ix. cap. 7, x. cap. 2, xvi. cap. 12 ; Athen. lib. ^ii. xiv. ; 



Oppian, i. cap. 5, ii. cap. 34, 58. 

 Lupus, Plin. ix. cap. 17, 54, xxxii. cap. 2; Bellon. Aquat. i. p. 113; 



Salv. Aquat. xxviii. p. 108. f. 30; Rondel. Pise. Mar. ix. cap. 7, 



cum fig. ; Gesner, iv. p. 506 ; Aldrov. Pise. iv. cap. 2. p. 490, cum 



fig. ; Jonston, ii. cap. 2 ; Willughby, iv. cap. 1. p. 271. tab. R. 1 ; 



Ray, Si/n. Pise. p. 83. 

 Perca no. 7, Artedi, Gen. Pise. p. 41. 

 Perca labrax, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 482 ; Rissn, Ichth. Nic. p. 299, and 



Hist. Nat. iii. p. 406 ; Nilss. Prodr. Ichth. Scandin. p. 82 ; Pe7in. 



Brit. Zool. p. 348. t. 66 ; Donov. Brit. Fishes, pi. 43 ; Turton, Brit. 



Faun. p. 100; Flem. Brit. Anim. p. 213; Sonnini, Voy. i. p. 217. 



pi. 3 ; Schagerstrdm, R. Vet. Acad. Hand. 1829, St. i. p. 90. tab. 3. 



I. 5-7 ; Martens, Reise nach Venedig, ii. p. 428 ; Gronov. ed. Gray, 



p. 115 (not Pallas). 

 Perca punctata, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. p. 1311 ; Lacep. iv. p. 418; Risso, 



Hist. Nat. iii. p. 407. 

 Ceutropomus lupus, Lacep. iv. p. 267. 

 Perca diacantha, Lacep. iv. p. 418 ; Schneid. Bl. Syst. p. 85. 

 Sciajna labrax. Block, iii. p. 45. t. 301 (bad) ; Sliaw, Zool. iv. p. 534. 



punctata, Bloch, t. 305 (jun.) ; Shaw, Zool. iv. p. 536. 



diacantha, Bloch, t. 302 ; Shaw, Zool. iv. p. 535. 



» 1. Labrax nigricans, Dckay. New York Fauna, Fishes, p. 12. pi. 50. f. 160.— 

 Freshwater ponds of New York. 

 2. Labrax albidus, Dekay. I.e. p. 1.3. pi. .51. f. 165.— Lake Erie. 



