466 SPAKID^. 



series of both the jaws ; the molars are arranged in two series. 

 Cheeks scaly. The spines of the dorsal (twelve, rarely eleven) are 

 sometimes elongate, and can be received in a groove ; three anal spines. 

 Scales of moderate size. Six branchiostegals. Pyloric appendages in 

 small number (in one species none) ; air-bladder simple. 



Mediterranean ; Coasts of Africa ; Atlantic shores of the United 

 States ; East Indian and Australian Seas. 



A. Species with the dorsal spines not elongated. 



1. Pagrus vxilgaris. 



ndypoy, Aristot. viii. cap. 13 & 17, 



Pagi'us, Rmidel. v. c. 15. p. 142. 



Spariis, no. 4, Artedi, Genera, p. 36. 



Buhamel, iv. cap. 2. p. 29. 



Sparus pagrus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 469 ; Briiiniich, Pise. Mass. p. 94 ; 



Jiisso, Ichth. Nice, p. 241 ; De la Roche, Ann. Mas. xiii. p. 317 ; 



Martens, Rdse nach Vetiedig, ii. p. 425. 



argenteus, Bl. Schn. p. 271. 



Pagrus vulgaris, Cuv. «§• Val. vi. p. 142. pi. 148 ; Yarrell, Brit. Fishes, 



i. p. 116, figure copied from Cur. 8f Val. I.e. (not description or 



vignette) ; Wehb 8f Berthd. Hist. Nat. lies Canar. Poiss. p. 32 ; 



Guichen. EjC2)lor. Scieat. Alger. Poiss. p. 49. 



D. i^. A. |. L. lat. 56. L. transv. 6/13. Vert. 9/15. 



The height of the body is 3 g in the total length, the length of the 

 head 3| ; the diameter of the eye is Ij in the distance between the 

 eyes, and 1^ in the length of the snout. The upper profile of the 

 neck and head is parabolic ; an obtuse protuberance before the upper 

 anterior angle of the eye ; the prseorbital is I5-II as long as high, 

 and has an incision in front. Dorsal spines not elongate ; the second 

 anal spine stronger, but not longer, than the third, one-fonrth of the 

 length of the head ; pectoral elongate, reaching to the fonrth soft 

 ray of the anal fin. Silvery ; back rose-coloured. 



Mediterranean ; Sea of Madeira and of the Canary Islands. 



a. Adult. 



b. Very fine specimen. Lanzarote. From the Rev. R. T. Lowe's Col- 



lection. 



c. Half-gro^\^l. Orotava. Presented by the Eev. R. T. Lowe. 



d. Adult: skin. From the Collection of the Zoological Society. 



Yarrell has entirely mistaken this fish, and, as we shaU see here- 

 after, some other species of the Sparidae. The specimen from which 

 he made the description and a drawing of the dentition (pp. 117-119) 

 is in the Collection of the British Museum, and belongs to Pagellus 

 erythrimis. The figure of the fish and the notes on the synonymy 

 (pp. 11 6-1 17) are taken from the 'HistoireNaturelle des Poissons, par 

 Cuv. & Val.' It appears to me highly probable that Pagrus vulgaris 

 does not reach so far northwards as the coast of Great Britain, as I 

 have neither met with this species on the coast or in fish-markets, 

 nor found a British specimen among the numerous skins of British 



