VIVIPARUS 9 



[Germain {Moll. France, ii, p. 282) cites as synonyms : — 

 Acme Dupiiyi, Paladilhe; A. Locardi, Boiirg. ; and 

 A. trigorioslomn, Paladilhe] 



First recorded as British in 1784, by Boys & Walker 

 {Test, minut. rar., p. 12, pi. ii, f. 42). 



British Distribution in Time : Pleistocene to Recent. 



Fam.: VIVIPARIDiE.i 



Genus: 1. VIVIPARUS, Montfort. 



Etym. : — Lat. viviparus, bringing forth its young alive. 

 Type : — Viviparus jluviorum, Montfort = Helix vivipara, Lin- 

 naeus. 

 {Helix, Nerita, Cochlea, Bulimus, Cyclostoma, Nalica, vett. auctt.) 



min (Viviparus: Montfort, Conch. Syst., ii, p. 246. 

 ^ ' - [Lamarck in 1809, in Phil. Zool., used the 



^' [ vernacular " Vivipare."'] 



*1810, ) Henterum : Huebner, Epist., i {Teste Menke, Zeitsch. f. 

 Nov. / Malak., v, 1848, p. 56). 



1812. Pahtdina, Lam. : Ferussac, Ann. Mxis. Hist. Nat. Paris, 

 xix, p. 253. [Lamarck in 1812, in Extr. 

 ' Cours Zool., used the vernacular " Palu- 

 (Ziwe."] 

 1815. Viviparella : Rafinesque, Analyse Nature, p. 144. 



1817. Paludinum : Jurine, Helvet. Almanach, 1817, p. 34. 



1818. Vivipara : Fleming, Suppt. 4-6th ed. Ency. Brit., iii, 



p. 313. 



1. Viviparus viviparus (Linnjeus). 



Etym. : — Lat. viviparus, bringing forth its young alive. 



1758. Helix vivipara : Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 772, 



no. 603. 

 1767. Helix vivipara : Linnaeus, o.c, ed. 12, p. 1247, no. 690. 

 1774. Nerita vivipara : Muller, Verm. Hist., ii, p. 182. 

 ?1777. Helix vivipara [pars] : Pennant, Brit. Zool., ed. 4, iv, 



8vo, p. 137; 4to, p. 119. [His figure is of 



V . fasciata.] 

 1778. Cochlea vivipara [pars] : DaCosta, Test. Brit., p. 81, 



pi. vi, f. 2. 

 1791. Helix vivipara: Gmelin, in Linn. Syst. Nat., ed. 13, i, 



pt. 6, p. 3646, no. 105. 

 1799. Helix vivipara [pars] : Pulteney, Cat. Dorset., p. 48. 



. ' Bulimus viviparus, Lin. : Poiret, Cnq. Aisue, p. 61. 



• For Note on the Recent Britisli Species, See Kennard & Woodward, 

 Froc. Malar. Soc. Lond., xiv, 1920, p. 88. 



