VIVIPARUS 13 



1838. Paludiiia fascialu, Mull. : Deshayes, in Lamarck, Hist. 



Anim. s. Vert., ed. 2, viii, p. 513 note. 

 1840, ) Paludina vivipara, Linn. : Gray, in Turton's Manual, 

 Apr. / new ed., p. 90, pi. x, f. 118. [Non. Linne.] 



Q , [ Paludina vivipara, Lamarck : Brown, Illust. Conch. 

 jgj^" I Brit., ed. 2, p. 26, pi. xiv, f. 71 & 72. 



1815. Paludina vivipara, Lamarck : Brown, Illust. L. c6 F.-W. 



Conch. Brit., p. 3, pi. i, f. 4 & 5; xxiv, 



f. 19-21. 

 1847. Viviparus lacuslris, Beck : Beck, Amtl. Ber. 24. Ver- 



samml. Deutsch. Naturf., p. 123. 



1850. Paludina Listeri, Forbes & Hanley, Forbes & Hanley, 



Brit. Moll, iii, p. 8, pi. Ixxi, f. 16. 



1851. Vivipara vulgaris : Dupuy, Hist. Moll. France, p. 537, 



pi. xxvii, f. 5. 



1852. Paludina achatina, Drap. : Leach, Moll. Brit. Synop., 



p. 208. 

 1854. Vivipara vulgaris. Lam. : Millet, Ann. Soc. Linn. Maine 

 & Loire, i, p. 304. 



1856. Paludina contecta, Millet : Moquin-Tandon, Hist. Moll. 



France, ii, p. 532, pi. xl, f. 1-24. [Cites in 

 error in synonymy " Vivipara communis, 

 Dupuy."] 



1857. Paludina crystallina, Gray : Gray, in Turton's Manual, 



new ed., p. 30, pi. x, f. 118. 

 1862. Paludina contecta, Millet : Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., i, 

 p. 56; V, pi. iv, f. 2. 



1862. Vivipara vera : Frauenfeld, Verhandl. zool.-bot. 



Gesell. Wien, xii, p. 1161; and xiv, 1864, 

 p. 658. 



1863. Paludina contecta. Millet : Reeve, L. & F.-W. Moll. 



Brit. Is., p. 194, figs. 



[Germain (Moll. France, ii, p. 285) cites as synonyms : — 

 Vivipara hrachya, Bourg. ; V. communis, Bourg. ; 

 and V. paludosa, Bourg.] 



First recorded as British in 1674, by M. Lister {Phil. 

 Trans., ix, p. 99, pi. ii, f. 17). 



British Distribution in Time : Pleistocene to Recent. 



4. tViviparus gibbus (Sandberger). 

 Etym. : — Lat. gibbus, humped. 



1872. Paludina contecta, Millet : S. V. Wood, Crag Moll. (Pal. 



Soc. Monog.), 1st Suppt., p. 69, pi. i, f. 6. 



[Non Millet] 

 1872. Paludina vivipara, Linne : S. V. Wood, t.c, p. 70, pi. i, 



f. 5. {Non Linne.] 



