CANDIDULA 221 



1893. XeropMla {Xerovaga) caperala, Mtg. : Monterosato, 

 Atli Accad. Sci. Palermo, Ser. Ill, vol. ii 

 [Classe Sci., no. 2], p. 22. 



1895. Helicella {Candidula) caperata, Mont. : Pilsbry, Manual, 

 Ser. II, vol. ix, p. 254. 



[Germain (MoU. France, ii, p. 115) gives as synonyms : — 

 Helix olisippensi, Servain ; H. subinfersecta, Bourg. ; 

 H. herhanon, Servain; and H. pictonum, Bourg. 

 Innumerable additional names have been given by 

 continental writers to more or less inconstant varieties 

 of this species that are here disregarded.] 



First described as British in 1803, by G. Montagu, as 

 Helix caperata. (See ref. above.) 



British Distribution in Time : Pleistocene to Recent. 



3. Candidula gigaxii (Charpentier MS., Pfeiffer). 

 Etym. : — Dedicated to a M. Gigax. 



1803. Helix caperata [pars] : Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 432. 



[Placed in the Portland cabinet by Dr. 



Solander under the name apex-niger.] 

 1805. Helix striata, var. a : Draparnaud, Hist. Moll. France, 



p. 106, pi. vi, f. 19 & 20. 

 1813. Helix caperata [pars] : Rackett, in Pulteney, Cat. 



Dorset., ed. 2, p. 53, pi. xix, f. 20. 

 1817. Helix crenulata, Miill. : Dillwyn, Cat. Shells, ii, p. 895. 



[Non Miiller.] 

 1821. Helix {Helicella) striata, Drap. [pars] : Ferussac, Tahl. 



syst. Limagons, Jan. ed., p. 48 (June ed., 



p. 44) ; Hist., pi. Ixxxv, f. 9-13. 

 1823. Helix crenulata : [Brown], Ency. Brit., ed. 6, vi, 



p. 4.57. 

 1827. Helix caperata, Mont, [pars] : Brown, Illust. Conch. Brit., 



ed., 1, pi. xl, f. 32 [i.e. 37] & 39. 

 1831. Helix caperata [pars] : Turton, Manual, p. 42, 



f. 32. 

 1840, \ Helix {Heliomanes) caperata [pars] : Gray, Turton's 

 Apr. / Manual, new ed., p. 162, pi. iv, f. 32. 



Post I Helix {Heliomanes) caperata, Montagu [pars] : Brown, 

 Sept. [ Illust. Conch. Brit., ed. 2, p. 49, pi. xvii, 



1840.) f. 37 & 39. 



1845. Helix {Heliomanes) caperata : Brown, Ulust. L. & F.-W. 



Conch. Brit., p. 74, pi. viii, f. 6 & 7. 

 1848. Helix caperata, var. p \ Gigaxii, Charp. in sched. : 



Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. Viv., i, p. 167. 

 1850,\ Helix Gigaxii, Charpentier [MS.] : Pfeiffer, Zeitschr.f. 

 Aug. J Malak., vii, p. 85. 



1850. Helix {Xerophila) Gigaxii, Charp. : Albers, Heliceen, 



p. 75. 



