230 SCLBRODERMI. 



On the anatomy, see Hollard, Ann. Sc. Nat. 1853, xx. p. 71 et seq., 

 pi. 2. 



The species can be arranged thus : — 



I. . Atial Jin with less than 40 rays (24-36) ; ventral spine jiresmt or 

 absent : Monacanthus, m. 



A. Dorsal spiue without barbs. 



1. Ventral spine present, anchylosed to the pelvic bone {Liomona- 



canthtis, Amanses, et Oxymonacanthus, Blkr.), p. 2.30. 



2. Ventral spine present, moveable {Paramo7iaca)ithus, sp., Blkr.), 



p. 233. 



3. Ventral spine none (Paraluteres et Brachaluferes, Blkr.), p. 234. 



B. Dorsal spiue with only two series of barbs. 



1. The barbs point backwards and downwards. 



a. Ventral spine present, moveable ; the cutaneous ventral expan- 



sion much developed, extending beyond the spine {Monacan- 

 thus, sp., Blkr.), p. 230. 



b. Ventral spine present, moveable ; the cutaneous ventral expan- 



sion moderately developed, not extending beyond the spine 

 {Monacanthus, sp., et Paramonacanthus, sp., Blkr.), p. 238. 



c. Ventral spine present, anchylosed to the pelvic bone, p. 243. 



2. The barbs are lateral, pointing outwards and downwards, p. 244. 



{J. Dorsal spine with irregularly arranged barbs and filaments {Chce- 

 todermis, Blkr.), p. 245. 



D. Dorsal spine with four series of barbs. 



1. The front series are much closer together than the hinder series, 



and formed by small barbs (Pseudomonucanthus, sp., Blkr.), p. 246. 



2. The dorsal spine is four-edged, the edges being equidistant and 



armed with barbs {Pseudomonacanthus, sp., et Acanthaluteres, 

 BUfr.), p. 249. 



11. Anal Jin with 40 (39) or more rays. Ventral spine none : Aluteres, ?/«. 



A. Dorsal spine above the orbit. 



1. Dorsal spiue with distinct barbs, p. 251. 



2. Dorsal spine feeble, rough, but without barbs (C'erataca)dhus et 



Aluteres, Gill & Blkr.), p. 251. 



B. Dorsal spiue in advance of the orbit (Pseudaluteres, Blkr.), p. 254. 



I. Anal Jin with less than 40 rays (24-30). Ventral spine present or 



absent : Monacanthus. 



A. Dorsal spine ivithout barbs. 



1. Ventral spine present, anchylosed to the pelvic bone. 



1. Monacanthus pardalis. 



Siinonymy uf Indian specimens. 

 Giynzert, Hoidt. i. p. 462, tab. 69. fig. 1. 



? Balistes saudwichiensis, Qnoy lS'- Gaim. Voy. Uran. Zool. p. 214. 

 Monacanthus pardalis, Piipp. N. W. Fisch. (1855) p. 57, taf. 15. 

 fig. 3; Hollard, Ann. Sc. Nat. 1854, ii. p. 328. 



