418 SPINACID^E. 



Squalus et Entoxvchiriis, Gill, Pnc. Ac. Nat. Sc. PhihuJ. 18(y, 

 p. 49G. 



Two dorsal fins, ench with a spine ; no anal fin. Jroutli bnt 

 slightly arched ; a long, deep, straight, obliqne groove on each side 

 of the month ; no labial fold along the margin of the mouth. Teeth 

 equal in both jaws, rather small; their point is so much turned 

 aside that the inner margin of the tooth forms the cutting edge. 

 Iv'o membrana nictitans. Spiracles rather wide, immediately behind 

 the eye. Gill-openings narrow. 



Temperate seas of the northern and southern hemis2)hcres. 



1. Acanthias vulgaris. 



'Akoi'^ios yaXfo?, Aristot. vi. c. 10, ix. c. 37; Athcn. \ii. p. 294. 

 Galeus aeautliias, Rondel, p. 37.3 ; Geancr, Ik' Aqunt. p. 607 ; Jonston, 



i. tab. 8. fig. 5 ; Aldrov. p. 399 ; Willviihhy, p. ^Q,, tab. B 5. fig. 1 ; 



Klein, Miss. iii. p. 8, tab. 1. figs. 5 & fi. 

 Miistelus spinax, Bellon. De Aqitat. pp. (j9. 70. 

 Squalus, sp., Arfed. Geii. p. 66. no. 3; Synnn. p. 94. no. 3, and Spec. 



p. 102. no. 1; Gronov. Zoojihyl. no. 149, and Mns. Ichthyol. i. 



p. 01. no. 139. 

 Squalus acanthias, L. Syst. Nat. p. 397 ; Bl. taf. 8o ; Bl. Schn. p. 13r) ; 



Bisso, Ichth. Nice, p. 40 ; Donov. Brit. Fish. iv. p. 82 ; Faher, Fisch. 



Isl. p. 29; Turt. Brit. Faun. p. 114; Blainv. Faun. Fr. p. 57; 



Jenyns, Man. p. .505 ; Fria^ och Ekstr. Skand. Fi.'<k. p. 187, tab. 46 ; 



Gronov. Si/st. ed. Gray, p. 8. 

 ricked Dog-fish, Benn. Brit. Zool. iii. p. 88, or edit. 1812, iii. p. 183. 

 Spinax, F)vharnel, Pesch. iii. p. 299, pi. 20. fig. o. 

 Aiguillat, Lacep. i. p. 270, pi. 10. fig. 2. 

 Squalus fernandinus, Molina, Hist. Chil. p. 194. 

 Spinax aeautliias, Cuv. Reyne An. ; Bonap. Faun. Ital. Pcsc. : Richards. 



Faun. Bor.-Amer. p. 291; Parnell, Werner. Mem. \\\. p. 420; 



Dekay, Nctc York Faun. Fish. p. 359, pi. 64. fig. 210; A-yres, 



Bost^Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. p. 288. 

 Acanthias vulgaris, Risso, Eur. Merid. iii. p. 131 ; Mvll. i^- Henle, 



p. 83 ; Schley. Faun. Japon. Poiss. p. 304, pi. 135 ; Yarrell, Brit. 



Fish. 2nd edit. ii. p. 524, or 3rd edit. ii. p. 518 ; Kessler. Bull. ,%c. 



Nat. Mosc. 1859, ii. p. 473 ; Kroy. Damn. Fisk. iii. p. 868 ; j\7/.s,'!. 



Skand. Faun. Fisk. p. 731 ; Couch, Fish. Brit. Isl. i. p. 49, pi. 11 ; 



Dumeril, Elasmubr. p. 437 ; Bocaye iS' CapeUo, Peix. Plagiost. p. 21. 

 Spinax feruandezianus, Guichen. in Gay's Chile, Zool. ii. p. .305. 

 Acanthias, sp., Richards. Voy. Ereh. Sf Terr. Fish. p. 44, pi. 28. 



figs. 1 & 2. 

 Acanthias americanus, Storer, Mem. Anier. Acad. ii. p. 500, ix. p. 232, 



pi. 38. fig. 1, and Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. iii. p. 270. 

 sucklii, Girard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1854, p. 196, and 



U. S. Pac. R.R. Exp. Fish. p. 368. 

 Braiu : Sander, Sifzysber. Cres. nfrf. Freund. Berlin, 1868, p. 26. 



Origin of the dorsal fin opposite to or behind the inner posterior 

 angle of the pectoral. Dorsal spines without groove. Snout produced. 

 Temperate seas of the northern and southern hemispheres. 



fl, I), c. Half-grown and young. Hollaud. From the Collection of 



Dr. van Lidth de Jeude. 

 d. Young. Plymouth. Museum Leach. 



