o. xoKrEDo. 44i> 



confluent into a quadrangular valve. Teeth pointed. Spiracles at 

 a short distance behind the eyes. An electric apparatus between 

 the head and pectoral fins. 



Mediterranean, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean. 



We refer for the extremely numerous publications on the anatomy 

 and physiology of the electric organ to Cams and Engolmann, Bib- 

 liotheca Zoologica, ii. ISO], pp. 1()47-K»49. 



1. Torpedo hebetans. 



Torpedo hebetans, Lowe, Trans. Zoul. Soc. ii. (1841) p. 195. 



nobiliana, Bonap. Faun. Ital. Peso. ; Miill. ^ Henle, p. 128 ; 



Yarr. Brit. Fish. 2ud edit. ii. p. 546, or 3rd edit. ii. p. 544 ; Du- 

 meril, Elasmahr. p. 512. 



wabhii, Thompson, Ann. Xaf. Hist. 1840, v. p. 292, or Nat. 



Hist. Irel. iv. p. 2-"i(i. 



? Torpedo eniarginata, M'Cuij, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1841, vi. p. 407. 

 Torpedo nigra, Guichen. E.iplor. Alf/er. Poiss. p. 131, pi. 8. 

 Torpedo, Coach, Fish. Brit. Isl. i. pi. 30. 



Spiracles not fringed ; their distance from the eyes is but little 

 more than their own diameter. The first dorsal fin is twice as large 

 as the second, and situated nearly entirely behind the root of the 

 ventrals. Moutli crescent-shaped. Uniform black above, or with 

 small white dots. 



Mediterranean and Atlantic. 



a. Young. Madeira. Presented by the Rov. R. T. Lowe. — Type of 



the species. 



b. Adult: skin. Purchased of Mr. Pariiell. 

 c-d. Adult : skins. Purchased of Mr. Yarrell. 



e. Adult: skin. Plvmouth. Presented by Licit. H. F. Spence, 

 R.N. 



2. Torpedo narce. 



NdpKj;, Aristot. Hist. Anim. ii. c. 13, 15; v. c. 5, 11 ; vi. c. 10, 11 ; 



ix. c. 37 ; /Elian. Nat. Animal, i. c. 36; v. e. 37 ; ix. c. 14; Athen. 



lib. vii. 

 Torpedo, Plin. Hist. Mand. ix. c. 10, 24, 42, & 51 ; xxxii. c. 9 & 11 ; 



Salrian, p. 142, tab. 48; Bellon. Aquat. i. p. 93; Ge.mer, Aquaf. iv. 



p. 988; Pondel. fib. xii. c. 19, pp. 358, .362; TFi/lut/hbi/, ■(>. SI, 



tab. D 4. 

 Raja, sp., Artedi, Synon. p. 102. uo. 10. 

 Narcacion, sp., Klein, Pise. Miss. iii. p. 31. no.'*. 1 Sc 2. 

 Tremuelga, Cornide,n. 123. 

 Raja torpedo, Gm. L. 8i/st. Nat. i. p. 1504; Bl'>rh, Ausl. Fixch. i. 



p. 44, tab. 122; Bl. '.'Schn. p. 358; Blumenharh, Ahhild. taf. 57; 



Genffr. St.-Hil. in Ann. Mas. i. p. 392, tab. 20. iiu:. 1. 



narce, Nardo, Prodr. Ichth. Adr. uo. 4. 



Torpedo narke, Risso, Ichth. Nice, p. 8, and Eur. Mdrid. iii. p. 142 ; 



Cuv. Regne An. ; B(map. Faun. Ital. Pesc. 



uniniaculata, Risso, Ichth. Nice, p. 19, pi. 3. fig. 3, and Eur. 



J/enW. iii. p. 143, fig. 8. 



ocellata, Riu'vlphi, Grundr. Physiol, i. p. li*9; Olfers, Torpedo, 



p. 9, tab. 1. lig. 3 ; Henle, Narcin. p. 30. 



VOL. VIII. 2 



