460 KAJIDJJ. 



6. Raja radiata. 



Raja fuUonica, Fah-. Faun. Grcenl. p. 125; Faher, Fisch. Isl. p. 38. 



clavata, Hollb. Gotheb. Vet. N. Hnndl. iv. p. 29. 



radiata, Donov. Brit. Fish. v. pi. 114; Flem. Brit. An. p. 170; 



I'arr. Brit. Fish. 2nd edit. ii. p. 585, or 3rd edit. ii. p. 587 ; Par- 

 nell, Tra?is. B. Soc. Edinh. 1840, p. 145, and Werner. Mem. vii. 

 p. 439, pi. 43 ; Jetiyns, Brit. Vert. p. 517 ; Fries, Vet. Ah. Handl. 

 1839, p. 146, pi. 3. tig. 4 ; Niks. Shand. Faun. Fisk. p. 736 ; Wrii/ht 

 i^ Ekstr. Skand. Fisk. p. 100, pi. 43; M'Coy, Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. 

 Hist. 1841, vi. p. 405; Midi. 8f Heide, p. 137; Krciyer, Damn. 

 Fisk. iii. p. 938 ; Couch, Fish. Brit. Isl. i. p. 103, pi. 23 (cop. Do- 

 novan) ; Dumeril, Elasmohr. p. 531. 



Angle of the extremity of the snout obtuse. The ■width of the 

 interorbitul space is equal to the length of the orbit. Teeth in about 

 45 series in the upper jaw, pointed in the male. Outer pectoral 

 angle rounded. Body and tail with large bucklers, each with a ra- 

 diate or stellate base. One series of large and rather distant bucklers 

 along the median line of the back and tail, accompanied on each 

 side by another row of smaller bitcklers. A pair of bucklers on each 

 side of the shoulder. Also the small dermal ossifications have a ra- 

 diated base. Male with a baud of claw-like spines opposite to the 

 outer angle of the pectoral fin. 



Northern coasts of Europe. 



a-c. Adult males and female : skins. Firth of Forth. 



d-e. Adult males and young : skins. From Mr. Yarrell's Collection. 



7. Raja asterias. 



Midi ^ Ilenle, pp. 139 & 194, pi. 46. fig. 2 (not sj-non.) ; Dutneril, 

 Elasmohr. p. 543 (not synon.). 



Anterior profile of the snout obtusely rounded, with the extremity 

 slightly projecting. The width of the interorbital space is rather 

 more than the length of the orbit. The distance between the outer 

 margins of the nostrils is a little more than their distance from the 

 end of the snout. Teeth small, in about 80 series in the upper jaw, 

 obtuse in the female. Outer pectoral angle nearly a right one. 

 Body entirely covered with minute asperities. A series of spines 

 along the median line of the back and tail ; another series along 

 each side of the tail. Very small spines in front and behind the 

 superciliary ridge. Upper parts tvith numerous round darlc-hrown 

 spots, sometimes mixed with larger ones of a bright colour. 



Coasts of Southern Europe ; Madeira. 

 a, b. x\.dult females. Madeira. Presented by J. Y. Johnson, Esq. 



8. Raja miraletus. 



Raja miraletus, L. Sj/st. Xat. i. p. 396 ; Briinn. Ichth. Mass. p. 2 ; 

 Lacep. i. p. 75 ; i?(>sr), Ichth. Nice, p. 4, and Eur. Maid. iii. 

 p. 149; Bonnp. Faun. Ital. Pesce ; Midi. S^- Ilenle, p. 141; Dti- 

 niciil, Elasmohr. p. 548. 



