464 RAJIDJL. 



Raja leiobatos, Gronov. Syst. ed. Oi-ay, p. 10. 



intermedia, Parnell, Proc. R. Soc. Eclinb. 1837, p. 166 ; Trans. 



R. Soc. Edinb. 1839, xiv. p. 420, pi. ; Werner. Mem. vii. p. 429, 



pi. 40 ; Yarrell, Brit. Fkh. 2nd or 3rd edit. ii. p. 558 ; M'Coy, Ann. 



Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. 1841, vi. p. 406 (not Couch). 

 Lfeviraja macrorhynchus, Couch, Fish. Brit. Isl. i. p. 661. 

 Development : Wyman, Mem. Amer. Ac. 1864, ix. p. 31, or Ann. 8f 



Mag. Nat. Hist. 1864, xiv. p. 399. 



Snout long, produced, pointed, the width of the iuterorbital space 

 being one-third or, in very old exam])Ies, more than one-third of the 

 distance of the eye from the end of the snout. The anterior profile 

 (from the snout to the angle of the pectoral fin) is deeply emargi- 

 nate, not or but slif/htly undulated . Mouth trans-verse, nearly straight. 

 Teeth somewhat pointed, in about 52 or 56 series in the upper jaw. 

 Outer pectoral angle produced and rather pointed. Body rough in 

 adult female examples, but nearly smooth or with patches of minute 

 asperities, more numerous on the upper and lower sides of the snout 

 than in any other region ; males nearly smooth. Body without larger 

 spines, except one in front and behind the eye in young examples ; one 

 or three series of large spines on the tail. Disk much broader than 

 long. Upper surface of the body dark olive-green, uniform or Avith 

 numerous large white spots ; under surface dark grey, with minute 

 specks of a deeper colour. 



Coasts of Europe. 



a. Adult female, 5^ feet broad and 6| feet long : stuffed. German 



Ocean. Purchased. 



b. Adult male. English coast. Purchased on May 11th, which is 



evidently the breeding-season. 

 c-f. Half-grown and young: stuffed and skins. Firth of Forth. 



Purchased of Mr. ParneU. 

 g-m. Half-growu and young : stuffed and skins. English coasts. 

 n-o. Half-grown : sldns. Plymouth. 

 p. Young: skin. Holland. From Gronow's Collection. 

 q-r. Young. Purchased. 

 s-t. Jaws of aduk. examples. 



Var. intermedia. This form has the snout rather more produced 

 than typical R. batis. The absence of the lateral series of spines on 

 the tail is not a distinctive character, as that series is fj-equently 

 absent in R. batis, whilst, on the other hand, examples of R. inter- 

 media show some spines on the side of the tail. It is not improbable 

 that these specimens are hybrids between'-R. batis and some other of 

 the long-snouted species. 



a-b. Types of R. intermedia. Firth of Forth. Purchased of Mr. 

 Parnell. 



Raja {Uraptera) binoculata, Girard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 

 1854, p. 196, and U. S. & Pac. R.R. Exped. Fish. p. 373 ; Dumeril, 

 Elasmobr. p. 574, from California, may be regarded as a climatic 

 variety of R. batis. It differs from the European form in having a 



